| ev2lin |
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Table of contents
Procedure
EV2LIN ( Evaluate "two-line" element data, near-earth )
SUBROUTINE EV2LIN ( ET, GEOPHS, ELEMS, STATE )
Abstract
Deprecated: This routine has been superseded by the SPICELIB
routine EVSGP4. *ALL* TLE evaluations should use that routine.
NAIF supports EV2LIN only for backward compatibility.
Evaluate NORAD two-line element data for near-earth, earth
orbiting spacecraft (that is spacecraft with orbital periods
less-than 225 minutes). This evaluator uses algorithms as
described in Hoots 1980 [1].
Required_Reading
None.
Keywords
EPHEMERIS
Declarations
IMPLICIT NONE
DOUBLE PRECISION ET
DOUBLE PRECISION GEOPHS ( * )
DOUBLE PRECISION ELEMS ( * )
DOUBLE PRECISION STATE ( * )
INTEGER NMODL
PARAMETER ( NMODL = 6 )
Brief_I/O
VARIABLE I/O DESCRIPTION
-------- --- --------------------------------------------------
ET I Epoch in seconds past ephemeris epoch J2000.
GEOPHS I Geophysical constants
ELEMS I Two-line element data
STATE O Evaluated state
NMODL P Parameter controlling number of buffered elements.
Detailed_Input
ET is the epoch in TDB seconds past ephemeris epoch J2000
at which a state should be produced from the
input elements.
GEOPHS is a collection of 8 geophysical constants needed
for computing a state. The order of these
constants must be:
GEOPHS(1) = J2 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
GEOPHS(2) = J3 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
GEOPHS(3) = J4 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
These first three constants are dimensionless.
GEOPHS(4) = KE: Square root of the GM for Earth where
GM is expressed in Earth radii cubed per
minutes squared.
GEOPHS(5) = QO: High altitude bound for atmospheric
model in km.
GEOPHS(6) = SO: Low altitude bound for atmospheric
model in km.
GEOPHS(7) = RE: Equatorial radius of the earth in km.
GEOPHS(8) = AE: Distance units/earth radius
(normally 1)
Below are currently recommended values for these
items:
J2 = 1.082616D-3
J3 = -2.53881D-6
J4 = -1.65597D-6
The next item is the square root of GM for the Earth
given in units of earth-radii**1.5/Minute
KE = 7.43669161D-2
The next two items define the top and bottom of the
atmospheric drag model used by the type 10 ephemeris
type. Don't adjust these unless you understand the full
implications of such changes.
QO = 120.0D0
SO = 78.0D0
The ER value is the equatorial radius in km of the Earth
as used by NORAD.
ER = 6378.135D0
The value of AE is the number of distance units per
Earth radii used by the NORAD state propagation
software. The value should be 1 unless you've got a very
good understanding of the NORAD routine SGP4 and the
affect of changing this value.
AE = 1.0D0
ELEMS is an array containing two-line element data
as prescribed below. The elements NDD6O and BSTAR
must already be scaled by the proper exponent stored
in the two line elements set. Moreover, the
various items must be converted to the units shown
here.
ELEMS ( 1 ) = NDT20 in radians/minute**2
ELEMS ( 2 ) = NDD60 in radians/minute**3
ELEMS ( 3 ) = BSTAR
ELEMS ( 4 ) = INCL in radians
ELEMS ( 5 ) = NODE0 in radians
ELEMS ( 6 ) = ECC
ELEMS ( 7 ) = OMEGA in radians
ELEMS ( 8 ) = M0 in radians
ELEMS ( 9 ) = N0 in radians/minute
ELEMS ( 10 ) = EPOCH of the elements in seconds
past ephemeris epoch J2000.
Detailed_Output
STATE is the state produced by evaluating the input elements
at the input epoch ET. Units are km and km/sec relative
to the TEME reference frame.
Parameters
NMODL is a parameter that controls how many element sets
can be buffered internally. Since there are a lot
of computations that are independent of time these
are buffered and only computed if an unbuffered
model is supplied. This value should always
be at least 2. Increasing it a great deal is not
advised since the time needed to search the
buffered elements for a match increases linearly
with the NMODL. Empirically, 6 seems to be a good
break even value for NMODL.
Exceptions
1) No checks are made on the reasonableness of the inputs.
2) If the number of iterations for the calculation exceeds the
limit for this value, the error SPICE(ITERATIONEXCEEDED) is
signaled. This error should signal only for bad (nonphysical)
TLEs.
Files
None.
Particulars
This routine evaluates NORAD two-line element sets for
near-earth orbiting satellites using the algorithms described in
Hoots 1980 [1]. This code is an adaptation of
the NORAD routine SGP4 to eliminate common blocks, allow
buffering of models and intermediate parameters and double
precision calculations.
Near earth is as an orbital period of less than 225
minutes.
Examples
The numerical results shown for this example may differ across
platforms. The results depend on the SPICE kernels used as
input, the compiler and supporting libraries, and the machine
specific arithmetic implementation.
1) Suppose you have a set of two-line elements for the LUME 1
cubesat. This example shows how you can use this routine
together with the routine GETELM to propagate a state to an
epoch of interest.
Use the meta-kernel shown below to load the required SPICE
kernels.
KPL/MK
File name: ev2lin_ex1.tm
This meta-kernel is intended to support operation of SPICE
example programs. The kernels shown here should not be
assumed to contain adequate or correct versions of data
required by SPICE-based user applications.
In order for an application to use this meta-kernel, the
kernels referenced here must be present in the user's
current working directory.
The names and contents of the kernels referenced
by this meta-kernel are as follows:
File name Contents
--------- ------------------------------------
naif0012.tls Leapseconds
geophysical.ker geophysical constants for evaluation
of two-line element sets.
\begindata
KERNELS_TO_LOAD = ( 'naif0012.tls',
'geophysical.ker' )
\begintext
End of meta-kernel
Example code begins here.
PROGRAM EV2LIN_EX1
IMPLICIT NONE
C
C Local parameters.
C
CHARACTER*(*) TIMSTR
PARAMETER ( TIMSTR = '2020-05-26 02:25:00' )
INTEGER PNAMLN
PARAMETER ( PNAMLN = 2 )
INTEGER TLELLN
PARAMETER ( TLELLN = 69 )
C
C The LUME-1 cubesat is an Earth orbiting object; set
C the center ID to the Earth ID.
C
INTEGER CENTER
PARAMETER ( CENTER = 399 )
C
C Local variables.
C
CHARACTER*(PNAMLN) NOADPN ( 8 )
CHARACTER*(TLELLN) TLE ( 2 )
DOUBLE PRECISION ELEMS ( 10 )
DOUBLE PRECISION EPOCH
DOUBLE PRECISION ET
DOUBLE PRECISION GEOPHS ( 8 )
DOUBLE PRECISION STATE ( 6 )
INTEGER I
INTEGER N
C
C These are the variables that will hold the constants
C required by EV2LIN. These constants are available from
C the loaded PCK file, which provides the actual values
C and units as used by NORAD propagation model.
C
C Constant Meaning
C -------- ------------------------------------------
C J2 J2 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
C J3 J3 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
C J4 J4 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
C KE Square root of the GM for Earth.
C QO High altitude bound for atmospheric model.
C SO Low altitude bound for atmospheric model.
C ER Equatorial radius of the Earth.
C AE Distance units/earth radius.
C
DATA NOADPN / 'J2', 'J3', 'J4', 'KE',
. 'QO', 'SO', 'ER', 'AE' /
C
C Define the Two-Line Element set for LUME-1.
C
TLE(1) = '1 43908U 18111AJ 20146.60805006 .00000806'
. // ' 00000-0 34965-4 0 9999'
TLE(2) = '2 43908 97.2676 47.2136 0020001 220.6050 '
. // '139.3698 15.24999521 78544'
C
C Load the PCK file that provides the geophysical
C constants required for the evaluation of the two-line
C elements sets. Load also an LSK, as it is required by
C GETELM to perform time conversions. Use a meta-kernel for
C convenience.
C
CALL FURNSH ( 'ev2lin_ex1.tm' )
C
C Retrieve the data from the kernel, and place it on
C the GEOPHS array.
C
DO I = 1, 8
CALL BODVCD ( CENTER, NOADPN(I), 1, N, GEOPHS(I) )
END DO
C
C Convert the Two Line Elements lines to the element sets.
C Set the lower bound for the years to be the beginning
C of the space age.
C
CALL GETELM ( 1957, TLE, EPOCH, ELEMS )
C
C Now propagate the state using EV2LIN to the epoch of
C interest.
C
CALL STR2ET ( TIMSTR, ET )
CALL EV2LIN ( ET, GEOPHS, ELEMS, STATE )
C
C Display the results.
C
WRITE(*,'(2A)') 'Epoch : ', TIMSTR
WRITE(*,'(A,3F16.8)') 'Position:', (STATE(I), I=1,3)
WRITE(*,'(A,3F16.8)') 'Velocity:', (STATE(I), I=4,6)
END
When this program was executed on a Mac/Intel/gfortran/64-bit
platform, the output was:
Epoch : 2020-05-26 02:25:00
Position: -4644.60403398 -5038.95025540 -337.27141117
Velocity: -0.45719025 0.92884817 -7.55917355
Restrictions
None.
Literature_References
[1] F. Hoots and R. Roehrich, "Spacetrack Report #3: Models for
Propagation of the NORAD Element Sets," U.S. Air Force
Aerospace Defense Command, Colorado Springs, CO, 1980.
[2] F. Hoots, "Spacetrack Report #6: Models for Propagation of
Space Command Element Sets," U.S. Air Force Aerospace
Defense Command, Colorado Springs, CO, 1986.
[3] F. Hoots, P. Schumacher and R. Glover, "History of Analytical
Orbit Modeling in the U. S. Space Surveillance System,"
Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. 27(2):174-185,
2004.
[4] D. Vallado, P. Crawford, R. Hujsak and T. Kelso, "Revisiting
Spacetrack Report #3," paper AIAA 2006-6753 presented at the
AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Keystone, CO.,
August 21-24, 2006.
Author_and_Institution
J. Diaz del Rio (ODC Space)
W.L. Taber (JPL)
E.D. Wright (JPL)
Version
SPICELIB Version 1.1.1, 01-NOV-2021 (JDR) (EDW)
Declared routine as deprecated.
Corrected the description of QO and SO constants in the
detailed description of the input argument GEOPHS and the input
element names in ELEMS.
Added Spacetrack Report #3 to literature references.
Edited the header to comply with NAIF standard. Added complete
code example based on existing fragments.
SPICELIB Version 1.1.0, 15-SEP-2014 (EDW)
Added error check to prevent infinite loop in
calculation of EST.
SPICELIB Version 1.0.3, 02-JAN-2008 (EDW)
Corrected error in the calculation of the C4 term
identified by Curtis Haase.
Minor edit to the COEF1 declaration strictly
identifying the constant as a double.
From:
COEF1 = COEF / PSISQ**3.5
To:
COEF1 = COEF / PSISQ**3.5D0
SPICELIB Version 1.0.2, 08-JUL-2004 (EDW)
Corrected error in the calculation of the C2 term.
Reordered C1, C2 calculations to avoid division
by BSTAR.
SPICELIB Version 1.0.1, 10-MAR-1998 (EDW)
Corrected error in header describing the GEOPHS array.
SPICELIB Version 1.0.0, 14-JAN-1994 (WLT)
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Fri Dec 31 18:36:21 2021