[Spice_announce]
Release of New Earth Station SPK and Topocentric Frame Kernels
Nat Bachman
Nathaniel.Bachman at jpl.nasa.gov
Wed Sep 22 19:23:32 PDT 2004
Skipped content of type multipart/alternative-------------- next part --------------
SPK for DSN Station Locations
=====================================================================
Original file name: earthstns_itrf93_040916.bsp
Creation date: 2004 September 16 00:40
Created by: Nat Bachman (NAIF/JPL)
Introduction
=====================================================================
This file provides geocentric states---locations and velocities---
for the set of DSN stations cited in the list below under "Position
Data." Station position vectors point from the earth's barycenter
to the stations. Station velocities are estimates of the
derivatives with respect to time of these vectors; in this file,
velocities are constant. Station velocities have magnitudes on the
order of few cm/year.
The states in this file are given relative to the terrestrial
reference frame ITRF93.
This SPK file has a companion file
earthstns_fx_040916.bsp
which differs from this one only in that it uses the reference
frame alias 'EARTH_FIXED'. See the comment area of that file
and the Frames Required Reading for details.
Using this kernel
=====================================================================
Planned updates
---------------
NAIF plans in the near future to replace this kernel with one
containing additional data for tracking stations at Noto and New
Norcia. Data for the sites covered by this file will be unchanged
in that update.
Kernel loading
--------------
In order for a SPICE-based program to make use of this kernel, the
kernel must be loaded via the SPICE routine FURNSH. If you are
running application software created by a third party, see the
documentation for that software for instructions on kernel
management.
See also "Associated frame kernels" and "Associated PCK files"
below.
Associated PCK files
--------------------
For high-accuracy work, this kernel should be used together with a
high-precision, binary earth PCK file.
NAIF produces these kernels on a regular basis; they can be
obtained via anonymous ftp from the NAIF server
naif.jpl.nasa.gov
The PCK is located in the path
pub/naif/generic_kernels/pck
The file name is of the form
earth_000101_yymmdd_yymmdd.bpc
The first two dates are the file's start and stop times; the third
is the epoch of the last datum in the EOP file: data from
this epoch forward are predicted.
The file's coverage starts at a fixed date (currently chosen to
be 2000 Jan. 1) and extends to the end of the predict region,
which has a duration of roughly 3 months.
Associated frame kernels
------------------------
The frame kernel having (original) file name
earth_topo_040916.tf
defines topocentric reference frames associated with each of
the stations covered by this file. That kernel supports
computations such as finding the azimuth and elevation of a target
as seen from a specified station.
PARKES
------
The station location data source produced by JPL's section 335
now refers to the Parkes station as "DSS-49." The SPICE Toolkit
currently supports the NAIF ID code/name mappings
399005 <--> DSS-05 (secondary)
<--> PARKES (primary)
To enable use of the name DSS-49, user applications may load
a text kernel containing the assignments
\begindata
NAIF_BODY_NAME += 'DSS-49'
NAIF_BODY_CODE += 399049
\begintext
The earth topocentric frame kernel
earth_topo_040916.tf
includes the necessary definitions, so loading it may be
a convenient way to establish them.
Identical ephemeris data are provided in this file for both ID codes
399005 and 399049.
See the NAIF_IDs Required Reading for details.
Data sources
=====================================================================
The data described here are taken from the JPL web site at URL
http://epic/nav/eop/stations.html
The site is maintained by Tod Ratcliff, JPL section 335.
Reference Spheroid
------------------
The reference bi-axial spheroid is defined by an equatorial and a
polar radius. Calling these Re and Rp respectively, the flattening
factor f is defined as
f = ( Re - Rp ) / Re
For the reference spheroid used by this file, the equatorial radius
Re and inverse flattening factor 1/f are
Re = 6378136.3 m
1/f = 298.257
The reference spheroid was used to transform velocity data
from the original topocentric representation to the geocentric
representation used in this kernel.
Epoch
-----
The epoch associated with these data is given by the source as
"2003.0." The time variation of the data is slow enough so that
specification of the time system is unimportant. However, in the
creation of this file, the epoch is assumed to be
2003 Jan 1 00:00:00 TDB
At this epoch, the station positions are as given below.
Position data
-------------
Station locations in the ITRF93 frame at the specified epoch are:
Antenna Diameter x (m) y (m) z (m)
DSS 12 34m -2350444.0057 -4651980.7620 3665630.9322
DSS 13 34m -2351112.6586 -4655530.6359 3660912.7276
DSS 14 70m -2353621.4197 -4641341.4717 3677052.3178
DSS 15 34m -2353538.9575 -4641649.4287 3676669.9837
DSS 16 26m -2354763.3257 -4646787.3837 3669387.0099
DSS 17 9m -2354730.5247 -4646751.6975 3669440.5998
DSS 23 11m -2354757.7341 -4646934.5965 3669207.7651
DSS 24 34m -2354906.7087 -4646840.0834 3669242.3207
DSS 25 34m -2355022.0140 -4646953.2040 3669040.5666
DSS 26 34m -2354890.7996 -4647166.3182 3668871.7546
DSS 27 34m -2349915.4275 -4656756.4059 3660096.4693
DSS 28 34m -2350102.0169 -4656673.3686 3660103.5180
DSS 33 11m -4461083.8425 2682281.6961 -3674569.9725
DSS 34 34m -4461147.0925 2682439.2385 -3674393.1332
DSS 42 34m -4460981.3463 2682413.4680 -3674581.6534
DSS 43 70m -4460894.9170 2682361.5070 -3674748.1517
DSS 45 34m -4460935.5783 2682765.6611 -3674380.9824
DSS 46 26m -4460828.9473 2682129.5071 -3674975.0884
DSS 49 64m -4554232.1933 2816758.9161 -3454035.6434
DSS 53 11m 4849330.0161 -360337.8678 4114758.9123
DSS 54 34m 4849434.4877 -360723.8999 4114618.8354
DSS 55 34m 4849525.2561 -360606.0932 4114495.0843
DSS 61 34m 4849245.0787 -360277.9478 4114884.5772
DSS 63 70m 4849092.5175 -360180.3480 4115109.2506
DSS 65 34m 4849336.6176 -360488.6349 4114748.9218
DSS 66 26m 4849148.4311 -360474.6175 4114995.1679
Velocity data
-------------
The relevant portion of the ODP input file providing
station velocities is copied (and reformatted) below.
Reference epoch for plate motion: 01-JAN-2003 00:00
Plate motion model, cm/year
North East Vertical
Goldstone:
Stations numbered 1X -0.45 -1.90 -0.03
Stations numbered 2X -0.45 -1.90 -0.03
Canberra:
Stations numbered 3X 4.74 2.08 -0.12
Stations numbered 4X 4.74 2.08 -0.12
Madrid:
Stations numbered 5X 1.95 2.34 0.12
Stations numbered 6X 1.95 2.34 0.12
Accuracy
--------
The following discussion concerning station location accuracy is
from the referenced web site. The citations in the text refer to
the documents listed below.
The uncertainty in the station locations is described by a
covariance matrix [2]. The coordinate uncertainties, given by the
square-root of the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix,
are about 4 cm for DSN stations which have participated in
regular VLBI experiments, and about 10 cm for other stations.
These coordinate uncertaintes [sic] do not account for
uncertainties in Earth orientation calibrations. Uncertainties in
Earth orientation as applied to spacecraft navigation are
discussed in [5].
References
----------
The site lists the following references:
1. C. Boucher, Z. Altamimi, L. Duhem,
"Results and analysis of the ITRF93",
IERS Technical Note 18, Observatoire de Paris, 1994.
2. W. M. Folkner, DSN station locations and uncertainties,
JPL TDA Progress Report, 42-128,pp. 1-34,1996.
3. T. Moyer, "Mathematical formulation of the double-precision
Orbit Determination Program", JPL Technical Report 32-1527, 1971
4. C. S. Jacobs and A. Rius, Internal consistency of VLBI surveying
between DSS 63 and DSS 65", JPL IOM 335.3-90-034, 11 May 1992.
5. J. A. Estefan and W. M. Folkner, Sensitivity of planetary cruise
navigation to Earth orientation calibration errors, JPL TDA
Progress Report 42-123, pp. 1-29, 1995.
6. T. D. Moyer, "Frame tie rotations and nutation corrections for
the ODP", JPL EM 314-558, 26 February 1993.
7. E. M. Standish, X X Newhall, J. G. Williams, W. M. Folkner,
"JPL planetary and lunar ephemerides DE403/LE403", JPL IOM
314.10-127, 22 May 1995.
DSS-49 and Parkes refer to the identical location.
\begindata
SITES += 'PARKES'
PARKES_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
PARKES_CENTER = 399
PARKES_IDCODE = 399005
PARKES_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
PARKES_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
PARKES_XYZ = ( -4554.232193300
2816.758916100
-3454.035643400 )
PARKES_DXYZ = ( -0.032039997
-0.004640382
0.040407245 )
SITES += 'DSS-12'
DSS-12_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-12_CENTER = 399
DSS-12_IDCODE = 399012
DSS-12_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-12_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-12_XYZ = ( -2350.444005700
-4651.980762000
3665.630932200 )
DSS-12_DXYZ = ( -0.018020559
0.006465902
-0.003845979 )
SITES += 'DSS-13'
DSS-13_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-13_CENTER = 399
DSS-13_IDCODE = 399013
DSS-13_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-13_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-13_XYZ = ( -2351.112658600
-4655.530635900
3660.912727600 )
DSS-13_DXYZ = ( -0.018020207
0.006465595
-0.003848147 )
SITES += 'DSS-14'
DSS-14_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-14_CENTER = 399
DSS-14_IDCODE = 399014
DSS-14_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-14_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-14_XYZ = ( -2353.621419700
-4641.341471700
3677.052317800 )
DSS-14_DXYZ = ( -0.018014877
0.006484793
-0.003840791 )
SITES += 'DSS-15'
DSS-15_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-15_CENTER = 399
DSS-15_IDCODE = 399015
DSS-15_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-15_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-15_XYZ = ( -2353.538957500
-4641.649428700
3676.669983700 )
DSS-15_DXYZ = ( -0.018015019
0.006484299
-0.003840958 )
SITES += 'DSS-16'
DSS-16_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-16_CENTER = 399
DSS-16_IDCODE = 399016
DSS-16_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-16_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-16_XYZ = ( -2354.763325700
-4646.787383700
3669.387009900 )
DSS-16_DXYZ = ( -0.018014117
0.006484844
-0.003844268 )
SITES += 'DSS-17'
DSS-17_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-17_CENTER = 399
DSS-17_IDCODE = 399017
DSS-17_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-17_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-17_XYZ = ( -2354.730524700
-4646.751697500
3669.440599800 )
DSS-17_DXYZ = ( -0.018014152
0.006484761
-0.003844241 )
SITES += 'DSS-23'
DSS-23_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-23_CENTER = 399
DSS-23_IDCODE = 399023
DSS-23_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-23_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-23_XYZ = ( -2354.757734100
-4646.934596500
3669.207765100 )
DSS-23_DXYZ = ( -0.018014145
0.006484716
-0.003844350 )
SITES += 'DSS-24'
DSS-24_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-24_CENTER = 399
DSS-24_IDCODE = 399024
DSS-24_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-24_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-24_XYZ = ( -2354.906708700
-4646.840083400
3669.242320700 )
DSS-24_DXYZ = ( -0.018013937
0.006485303
-0.003844335 )
SITES += 'DSS-25'
DSS-25_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-25_CENTER = 399
DSS-25_IDCODE = 399025
DSS-25_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-25_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-25_XYZ = ( -2355.022014000
-4646.953204000
3669.040566600 )
DSS-25_DXYZ = ( -0.018013804
0.006485618
-0.003844429 )
SITES += 'DSS-26'
DSS-26_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-26_CENTER = 399
DSS-26_IDCODE = 399026
DSS-26_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-26_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-26_XYZ = ( -2354.890799600
-4647.166318200
3668.871754600 )
DSS-26_DXYZ = ( -0.018014011
0.006484995
-0.003844508 )
SITES += 'DSS-27'
DSS-27_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-27_CENTER = 399
DSS-27_IDCODE = 399027
DSS-27_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-27_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-27_XYZ = ( -2349.915427500
-4656.756405900
3660.096469300 )
DSS-27_DXYZ = ( -0.018021946
0.006460527
-0.003848512 )
SITES += 'DSS-28'
DSS-28_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-28_CENTER = 399
DSS-28_IDCODE = 399028
DSS-28_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-28_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-28_XYZ = ( -2350.102016900
-4656.673368600
3660.103518000 )
DSS-28_DXYZ = ( -0.018021694
0.006461232
-0.003848512 )
SITES += 'DSS-33'
DSS-33_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-33_CENTER = 399
DSS-33_IDCODE = 399033
DSS-33_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-33_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-33_XYZ = ( -4461.083842500
2682.281696100
-3674.569972500 )
DSS-33_DXYZ = ( -0.033411909
-0.004180957
0.039331971 )
SITES += 'DSS-34'
DSS-34_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-34_CENTER = 399
DSS-34_IDCODE = 399034
DSS-34_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-34_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-34_XYZ = ( -4461.147092500
2682.439238500
-3674.393133200 )
DSS-34_DXYZ = ( -0.033410811
-0.004181009
0.039332898 )
SITES += 'DSS-42'
DSS-42_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-42_CENTER = 399
DSS-42_IDCODE = 399042
DSS-42_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-42_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-42_XYZ = ( -4460.981346300
2682.413468000
-3674.581653400 )
DSS-42_DXYZ = ( -0.033412154
-0.004179826
0.039331883 )
SITES += 'DSS-43'
DSS-43_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-43_CENTER = 399
DSS-43_IDCODE = 399043
DSS-43_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-43_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-43_XYZ = ( -4460.894917000
2682.361507000
-3674.748151700 )
DSS-43_DXYZ = ( -0.033413183
-0.004179207
0.039331074 )
SITES += 'DSS-45'
DSS-45_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-45_CENTER = 399
DSS-45_IDCODE = 399045
DSS-45_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-45_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-45_XYZ = ( -4460.935578300
2682.765661100
-3674.380982400 )
DSS-45_DXYZ = ( -0.033411111
-0.004178521
0.039332908 )
SITES += 'DSS-46'
DSS-46_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-46_CENTER = 399
DSS-46_IDCODE = 399046
DSS-46_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-46_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-46_XYZ = ( -4460.828947300
2682.129507100
-3674.975088400 )
DSS-46_DXYZ = ( -0.033414572
-0.004179350
0.039329879 )
SITES += 'DSS-49'
DSS-49_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-49_CENTER = 399
DSS-49_IDCODE = 399049
DSS-49_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-49_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-49_XYZ = ( -4554.232193300
2816.758916100
-3454.035643400 )
DSS-49_DXYZ = ( -0.032039997
-0.004640382
0.040407245 )
SITES += 'DSS-53'
DSS-53_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-53_CENTER = 399
DSS-53_IDCODE = 399053
DSS-53_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-53_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-53_XYZ = ( 4849.330016100
-360.337867800
4114.758912300 )
DSS-53_DXYZ = ( -0.009965700
0.024205031
0.015622141 )
SITES += 'DSS-54'
DSS-54_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-54_CENTER = 399
DSS-54_IDCODE = 399054
DSS-54_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-54_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-54_XYZ = ( 4849.434487700
-360.723899900
4114.618835400 )
DSS-54_DXYZ = ( -0.009963351
0.024205769
0.015622496 )
SITES += 'DSS-55'
DSS-55_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-55_CENTER = 399
DSS-55_IDCODE = 399055
DSS-55_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-55_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-55_XYZ = ( 4849.525256100
-360.606093200
4114.495084300 )
DSS-55_DXYZ = ( -0.009963608
0.024205488
0.015622768 )
SITES += 'DSS-61'
DSS-61_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-61_CENTER = 399
DSS-61_IDCODE = 399061
DSS-61_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-61_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-61_XYZ = ( 4849.245078700
-360.277947800
4114.884577200 )
DSS-61_DXYZ = ( -0.009966342
0.024204949
0.015621858 )
SITES += 'DSS-63'
DSS-63_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-63_CENTER = 399
DSS-63_IDCODE = 399063
DSS-63_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-63_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-63_XYZ = ( 4849.092517500
-360.180348000
4115.109250600 )
DSS-63_DXYZ = ( -0.009967442
0.024204823
0.015621352 )
SITES += 'DSS-65'
DSS-65_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-65_CENTER = 399
DSS-65_IDCODE = 399065
DSS-65_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-65_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-65_XYZ = ( 4849.336617600
-360.488634900
4114.748921800 )
DSS-65_DXYZ = ( -0.009964907
0.024205335
0.015622176 )
SITES += 'DSS-66'
DSS-66_FRAME = 'ITRF93'
DSS-66_CENTER = 399
DSS-66_IDCODE = 399066
DSS-66_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-66_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-66_XYZ = ( 4849.148431100
-360.474617500
4114.995167900 )
DSS-66_DXYZ = ( -0.009965666
0.024205391
0.015621605 )
-------------- next part --------------
SPK for DSN Station Locations
=====================================================================
Original file name: earthstns_fx_040916.bsp
Creation date: 2004 September 16 02:30
Created by: Nat Bachman (NAIF/JPL)
Introduction
=====================================================================
This file provides geocentric states---locations and velocities---
for the set of DSN stations cited in the list below under "Position
Data." Station position vectors point from the earth's barycenter
to the stations. Station velocities are estimates of the
derivatives with respect to time of these vectors; in this file,
velocities are constant. Station velocities have magnitudes on the
order of few cm/year.
The states in this file are given relative to the terrestrial
reference frame ITRF93. In the interest of flexibility, in this
file the reference frame is labeled with the alias 'EARTH_FIXED'. Any
application using this file must map the alias 'EARTH_FIXED' to either
'ITF93' or 'IAU_EARTH'. See the discussion below under "Reference
frame alias" for details.
This SPK file has a companion file
earthstns_itrf93_040916.bsp
which differs from this one only in that it uses the reference
frame label 'ITRF93'. For high-accuracy work, the companion
file is recommended (on the basis of ease of use).
Using this kernel
=====================================================================
Planned updates
---------------
NAIF plans in the near future to replace this kernel with one
containing additional data for tracking stations at Noto and New
Norcia. Data for the sites covered by this file will be unchanged
in that update.
Kernel loading
--------------
In order for a SPICE-based program to make use of this kernel, the
kernel must be loaded via the SPICE routine FURNSH. If you are
running application software created by a third party, see the
documentation for that software for instructions on kernel
management.
See also "Associated frame kernels" and "Associated PCK files"
below.
Reference frame alias
---------------------
This kernel uses the alias 'EARTH_FIXED' to designate the
reference frame relative to which the data in this kernel are
specified. In order for this kernel to be usable, the alias
must be mapped to the name of a supported terrestrial frame.
For high-accuracy work, the frame name 'ITRF93' should be used.
In some situations, for example when low accuracy, long term
predictions are desired, it may be convenient to map 'EARTH_FIXED'
to 'IAU_EARTH'.
To map the alias, an application must load a text kernel containing
assignments as shown below.
\begintext
Map 'EARTH_FIXED' to ITRF93. (To map to IAU_EARTH, substitute
'IAU_EARTH' for 'EARTH_FIXED' below.)
\begindata
TKFRAME_EARTH_FIXED_RELATIVE = 'ITRF93'
TKFRAME_EARTH_FIXED_SPEC = 'MATRIX'
TKFRAME_EARTH_FIXED_MATRIX = ( 1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1 )
\begintext
See the Frames Required Reading for details.
Associated PCK files
--------------------
For high-accuracy work, this kernel should be used together with a
high-precision, binary earth PCK file.
NAIF produces these kernels on a regular basis; they can be
obtained via anonymous ftp from the NAIF server
naif.jpl.nasa.gov
The PCK is located in the path
pub/naif/generic_kernels/pck
The file name is of the form
earth_000101_yymmdd_yymmdd.bpc
The first two dates are the file's start and stop times; the third
is the epoch of the last datum in the EOP file: data from
this epoch forward are predicted.
The file's coverage starts at a fixed date (currently chosen to
be 2000 Jan. 1) and extends to the end of the predict region,
which has a duration of roughly 3 months.
Associated frame kernels
------------------------
The frame kernel having (original) file name
earth_topo_040916.tf
defines topocentric reference frames associated with each of
the stations covered by this file. That kernel supports
computations such as finding the azimuth and elevation of a target
as seen from a specified station.
PARKES
------
The station location data source produced by JPL's section 335
now refers to the Parkes station as "DSS-49." The SPICE Toolkit
currently supports the NAIF ID code/name mappings
399005 <--> DSS-05 (secondary)
<--> PARKES (primary)
To enable use of the name DSS-49, user applications may load
a text kernel containing the assignments
\begindata
NAIF_BODY_NAME += 'DSS-49'
NAIF_BODY_CODE += 399049
\begintext
The earth topocentric frame kernel
earth_topo_040916.tf
includes the necessary definitions, so loading it may be
a convenient way to establish them.
Identical ephemeris data are provided in this file for both ID codes
399005 and 399049.
See the NAIF_IDs Required Reading for details.
Data sources
=====================================================================
The data described here are taken from the JPL web site at URL
http://epic/nav/eop/stations.html
The site is maintained by Tod Ratcliff, JPL section 335.
Reference Spheroid
------------------
The reference bi-axial spheroid is defined by an equatorial and a
polar radius. Calling these Re and Rp respectively, the flattening
factor f is defined as
f = ( Re - Rp ) / Re
For the reference spheroid used by this file, the equatorial radius
Re and inverse flattening factor 1/f are
Re = 6378136.3 m
1/f = 298.257
The reference spheroid was used to transform velocity data
from the original topocentric representation to the geocentric
representation used in this kernel.
Epoch
-----
The epoch associated with these data is given by the source as
"2003.0." The time variation of the data is slow enough so that
specification of the time system is unimportant. However, in the
creation of this file, the epoch is assumed to be
2003 Jan 1 00:00:00 TDB
At this epoch, the station positions are as given below.
Position data
-------------
Station locations in the ITRF93 frame at the specified epoch are:
Antenna Diameter x (m) y (m) z (m)
DSS 12 34m -2350444.0057 -4651980.7620 3665630.9322
DSS 13 34m -2351112.6586 -4655530.6359 3660912.7276
DSS 14 70m -2353621.4197 -4641341.4717 3677052.3178
DSS 15 34m -2353538.9575 -4641649.4287 3676669.9837
DSS 16 26m -2354763.3257 -4646787.3837 3669387.0099
DSS 17 9m -2354730.5247 -4646751.6975 3669440.5998
DSS 23 11m -2354757.7341 -4646934.5965 3669207.7651
DSS 24 34m -2354906.7087 -4646840.0834 3669242.3207
DSS 25 34m -2355022.0140 -4646953.2040 3669040.5666
DSS 26 34m -2354890.7996 -4647166.3182 3668871.7546
DSS 27 34m -2349915.4275 -4656756.4059 3660096.4693
DSS 28 34m -2350102.0169 -4656673.3686 3660103.5180
DSS 33 11m -4461083.8425 2682281.6961 -3674569.9725
DSS 34 34m -4461147.0925 2682439.2385 -3674393.1332
DSS 42 34m -4460981.3463 2682413.4680 -3674581.6534
DSS 43 70m -4460894.9170 2682361.5070 -3674748.1517
DSS 45 34m -4460935.5783 2682765.6611 -3674380.9824
DSS 46 26m -4460828.9473 2682129.5071 -3674975.0884
DSS 49 64m -4554232.1933 2816758.9161 -3454035.6434
DSS 53 11m 4849330.0161 -360337.8678 4114758.9123
DSS 54 34m 4849434.4877 -360723.8999 4114618.8354
DSS 55 34m 4849525.2561 -360606.0932 4114495.0843
DSS 61 34m 4849245.0787 -360277.9478 4114884.5772
DSS 63 70m 4849092.5175 -360180.3480 4115109.2506
DSS 65 34m 4849336.6176 -360488.6349 4114748.9218
DSS 66 26m 4849148.4311 -360474.6175 4114995.1679
Velocity data
-------------
The relevant portion of the ODP input file providing
station velocities is copied (and reformatted) below.
Reference epoch for plate motion: 01-JAN-2003 00:00
Plate motion model, cm/year
North East Vertical
Goldstone:
Stations numbered 1X -0.45 -1.90 -0.03
Stations numbered 2X -0.45 -1.90 -0.03
Canberra:
Stations numbered 3X 4.74 2.08 -0.12
Stations numbered 4X 4.74 2.08 -0.12
Madrid:
Stations numbered 5X 1.95 2.34 0.12
Stations numbered 6X 1.95 2.34 0.12
Accuracy
--------
The following discussion concerning station location accuracy is
from the referenced web site. The citations in the text refer to
the documents listed below.
The uncertainty in the station locations is described by a
covariance matrix [2]. The coordinate uncertainties, given by the
square-root of the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix,
are about 4 cm for DSN stations which have participated in
regular VLBI experiments, and about 10 cm for other stations.
These coordinate uncertaintes [sic] do not account for
uncertainties in Earth orientation calibrations. Uncertainties in
Earth orientation as applied to spacecraft navigation are
discussed in [5].
References
----------
The site lists the following references:
1. C. Boucher, Z. Altamimi, L. Duhem,
"Results and analysis of the ITRF93",
IERS Technical Note 18, Observatoire de Paris, 1994.
2. W. M. Folkner, DSN station locations and uncertainties,
JPL TDA Progress Report, 42-128,pp. 1-34,1996.
3. T. Moyer, "Mathematical formulation of the double-precision
Orbit Determination Program", JPL Technical Report 32-1527, 1971
4. C. S. Jacobs and A. Rius, Internal consistency of VLBI surveying
between DSS 63 and DSS 65", JPL IOM 335.3-90-034, 11 May 1992.
5. J. A. Estefan and W. M. Folkner, Sensitivity of planetary cruise
navigation to Earth orientation calibration errors, JPL TDA
Progress Report 42-123, pp. 1-29, 1995.
6. T. D. Moyer, "Frame tie rotations and nutation corrections for
the ODP", JPL EM 314-558, 26 February 1993.
7. E. M. Standish, X X Newhall, J. G. Williams, W. M. Folkner,
"JPL planetary and lunar ephemerides DE403/LE403", JPL IOM
314.10-127, 22 May 1995.
DSS-49 and Parkes refer to the identical location.
\begindata
SITES += 'PARKES'
PARKES_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
PARKES_CENTER = 399
PARKES_IDCODE = 399005
PARKES_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
PARKES_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
PARKES_XYZ = ( -4554.232193300
2816.758916100
-3454.035643400 )
PARKES_DXYZ = ( -0.032039997
-0.004640382
0.040407245 )
SITES += 'DSS-12'
DSS-12_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-12_CENTER = 399
DSS-12_IDCODE = 399012
DSS-12_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-12_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-12_XYZ = ( -2350.444005700
-4651.980762000
3665.630932200 )
DSS-12_DXYZ = ( -0.018020559
0.006465902
-0.003845979 )
SITES += 'DSS-13'
DSS-13_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-13_CENTER = 399
DSS-13_IDCODE = 399013
DSS-13_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-13_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-13_XYZ = ( -2351.112658600
-4655.530635900
3660.912727600 )
DSS-13_DXYZ = ( -0.018020207
0.006465595
-0.003848147 )
SITES += 'DSS-14'
DSS-14_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-14_CENTER = 399
DSS-14_IDCODE = 399014
DSS-14_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-14_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-14_XYZ = ( -2353.621419700
-4641.341471700
3677.052317800 )
DSS-14_DXYZ = ( -0.018014877
0.006484793
-0.003840791 )
SITES += 'DSS-15'
DSS-15_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-15_CENTER = 399
DSS-15_IDCODE = 399015
DSS-15_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-15_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-15_XYZ = ( -2353.538957500
-4641.649428700
3676.669983700 )
DSS-15_DXYZ = ( -0.018015019
0.006484299
-0.003840958 )
SITES += 'DSS-16'
DSS-16_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-16_CENTER = 399
DSS-16_IDCODE = 399016
DSS-16_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-16_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-16_XYZ = ( -2354.763325700
-4646.787383700
3669.387009900 )
DSS-16_DXYZ = ( -0.018014117
0.006484844
-0.003844268 )
SITES += 'DSS-17'
DSS-17_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-17_CENTER = 399
DSS-17_IDCODE = 399017
DSS-17_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-17_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-17_XYZ = ( -2354.730524700
-4646.751697500
3669.440599800 )
DSS-17_DXYZ = ( -0.018014152
0.006484761
-0.003844241 )
SITES += 'DSS-23'
DSS-23_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-23_CENTER = 399
DSS-23_IDCODE = 399023
DSS-23_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-23_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-23_XYZ = ( -2354.757734100
-4646.934596500
3669.207765100 )
DSS-23_DXYZ = ( -0.018014145
0.006484716
-0.003844350 )
SITES += 'DSS-24'
DSS-24_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-24_CENTER = 399
DSS-24_IDCODE = 399024
DSS-24_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-24_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-24_XYZ = ( -2354.906708700
-4646.840083400
3669.242320700 )
DSS-24_DXYZ = ( -0.018013937
0.006485303
-0.003844335 )
SITES += 'DSS-25'
DSS-25_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-25_CENTER = 399
DSS-25_IDCODE = 399025
DSS-25_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-25_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-25_XYZ = ( -2355.022014000
-4646.953204000
3669.040566600 )
DSS-25_DXYZ = ( -0.018013804
0.006485618
-0.003844429 )
SITES += 'DSS-26'
DSS-26_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-26_CENTER = 399
DSS-26_IDCODE = 399026
DSS-26_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-26_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-26_XYZ = ( -2354.890799600
-4647.166318200
3668.871754600 )
DSS-26_DXYZ = ( -0.018014011
0.006484995
-0.003844508 )
SITES += 'DSS-27'
DSS-27_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-27_CENTER = 399
DSS-27_IDCODE = 399027
DSS-27_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-27_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-27_XYZ = ( -2349.915427500
-4656.756405900
3660.096469300 )
DSS-27_DXYZ = ( -0.018021946
0.006460527
-0.003848512 )
SITES += 'DSS-28'
DSS-28_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-28_CENTER = 399
DSS-28_IDCODE = 399028
DSS-28_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-28_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-28_XYZ = ( -2350.102016900
-4656.673368600
3660.103518000 )
DSS-28_DXYZ = ( -0.018021694
0.006461232
-0.003848512 )
SITES += 'DSS-33'
DSS-33_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-33_CENTER = 399
DSS-33_IDCODE = 399033
DSS-33_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-33_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-33_XYZ = ( -4461.083842500
2682.281696100
-3674.569972500 )
DSS-33_DXYZ = ( -0.033411909
-0.004180957
0.039331971 )
SITES += 'DSS-34'
DSS-34_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-34_CENTER = 399
DSS-34_IDCODE = 399034
DSS-34_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-34_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-34_XYZ = ( -4461.147092500
2682.439238500
-3674.393133200 )
DSS-34_DXYZ = ( -0.033410811
-0.004181009
0.039332898 )
SITES += 'DSS-42'
DSS-42_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-42_CENTER = 399
DSS-42_IDCODE = 399042
DSS-42_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-42_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-42_XYZ = ( -4460.981346300
2682.413468000
-3674.581653400 )
DSS-42_DXYZ = ( -0.033412154
-0.004179826
0.039331883 )
SITES += 'DSS-43'
DSS-43_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-43_CENTER = 399
DSS-43_IDCODE = 399043
DSS-43_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-43_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-43_XYZ = ( -4460.894917000
2682.361507000
-3674.748151700 )
DSS-43_DXYZ = ( -0.033413183
-0.004179207
0.039331074 )
SITES += 'DSS-45'
DSS-45_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-45_CENTER = 399
DSS-45_IDCODE = 399045
DSS-45_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-45_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-45_XYZ = ( -4460.935578300
2682.765661100
-3674.380982400 )
DSS-45_DXYZ = ( -0.033411111
-0.004178521
0.039332908 )
SITES += 'DSS-46'
DSS-46_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-46_CENTER = 399
DSS-46_IDCODE = 399046
DSS-46_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-46_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-46_XYZ = ( -4460.828947300
2682.129507100
-3674.975088400 )
DSS-46_DXYZ = ( -0.033414572
-0.004179350
0.039329879 )
SITES += 'DSS-49'
DSS-49_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-49_CENTER = 399
DSS-49_IDCODE = 399049
DSS-49_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-49_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-49_XYZ = ( -4554.232193300
2816.758916100
-3454.035643400 )
DSS-49_DXYZ = ( -0.032039997
-0.004640382
0.040407245 )
SITES += 'DSS-53'
DSS-53_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-53_CENTER = 399
DSS-53_IDCODE = 399053
DSS-53_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-53_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-53_XYZ = ( 4849.330016100
-360.337867800
4114.758912300 )
DSS-53_DXYZ = ( -0.009965700
0.024205031
0.015622141 )
SITES += 'DSS-54'
DSS-54_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-54_CENTER = 399
DSS-54_IDCODE = 399054
DSS-54_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-54_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-54_XYZ = ( 4849.434487700
-360.723899900
4114.618835400 )
DSS-54_DXYZ = ( -0.009963351
0.024205769
0.015622496 )
SITES += 'DSS-55'
DSS-55_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-55_CENTER = 399
DSS-55_IDCODE = 399055
DSS-55_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-55_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-55_XYZ = ( 4849.525256100
-360.606093200
4114.495084300 )
DSS-55_DXYZ = ( -0.009963608
0.024205488
0.015622768 )
SITES += 'DSS-61'
DSS-61_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-61_CENTER = 399
DSS-61_IDCODE = 399061
DSS-61_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-61_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-61_XYZ = ( 4849.245078700
-360.277947800
4114.884577200 )
DSS-61_DXYZ = ( -0.009966342
0.024204949
0.015621858 )
SITES += 'DSS-63'
DSS-63_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-63_CENTER = 399
DSS-63_IDCODE = 399063
DSS-63_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-63_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-63_XYZ = ( 4849.092517500
-360.180348000
4115.109250600 )
DSS-63_DXYZ = ( -0.009967442
0.024204823
0.015621352 )
SITES += 'DSS-65'
DSS-65_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-65_CENTER = 399
DSS-65_IDCODE = 399065
DSS-65_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-65_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-65_XYZ = ( 4849.336617600
-360.488634900
4114.748921800 )
DSS-65_DXYZ = ( -0.009964907
0.024205335
0.015622176 )
SITES += 'DSS-66'
DSS-66_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED'
DSS-66_CENTER = 399
DSS-66_IDCODE = 399066
DSS-66_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00
DSS-66_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 )
DSS-66_XYZ = ( 4849.148431100
-360.474617500
4114.995167900 )
DSS-66_DXYZ = ( -0.009965666
0.024205391
0.015621605 )
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