| xf2eul_c |
|
Table of contents
Procedure
xf2eul_c ( State transformation to Euler angles )
void xf2eul_c ( ConstSpiceDouble xform [6][6],
SpiceInt axisa,
SpiceInt axisb,
SpiceInt axisc,
SpiceDouble eulang [6],
SpiceBoolean * unique )
AbstractConvert a state transformation matrix to Euler angles and their derivatives, given a specified set of axes. Required_ReadingPCK ROTATION KeywordsANGLES DERIVATIVES STATE Brief_I/OVARIABLE I/O DESCRIPTION -------- --- -------------------------------------------------- xform I A state transformation matrix. axisa I Axis A of the Euler angle factorization. axisb I Axis B of the Euler angle factorization. axisc I Axis C of the Euler angle factorization. eulang O An array of Euler angles and their derivatives. unique O Indicates if `eulang' is a unique representation. Detailed_Input
xform is a state transformation matrix from some frame FRAME1
to another frame FRAME2. Pictorially, `xform' has the
structure shown here.
.- -.
| | |
| r | 0 |
| | |
|-------+-------|
| | |
| dr/dt | r |
| | |
`- -'
where `r' is a rotation matrix that varies with respect to
time and dr/dt is its time derivative.
More specifically, if `s1' is the state of some object
in FRAME1, then `s2', the state of the same object
relative to FRAME2 is given by
s2 = xform * s1
where "*" denotes the matrix vector product.
axisa,
axisb,
axisc are the axes desired for the factorization of `r'.
All must be in the range from 1 to 3. Moreover
it must be the case that `axisa' and `axisb' are distinct
and that `axisb' and `axisc' are distinct.
Every rotation matrix can be represented as a product
of three rotation matrices about the principal axes
of a reference frame.
r = [ alpha ] [ beta ] [ gamma ]
axisa axisb axisc
The value 1 corresponds to the X axis.
The value 2 corresponds to the Y axis.
The value 3 corresponds to the Z axis.
Detailed_Output
eulang is the set of Euler angles corresponding to the
specified factorization.
If we represent `r' as shown here:
r = [ alpha ] [ beta ] [ gamma ]
axisa axisb axisc
then
eulang[0] = alpha
eulang[1] = beta
eulang[2] = gamma
eulang[3] = dalpha/dt
eulang[4] = dbeta/dt
eulang[5] = dgamma/dt
The range of `alpha' and `gamma' is (-pi, pi].
The range of `beta' depends on the exact set of
axes used for the factorization. For
factorizations in which the first and third axes
are the same, the range of `beta' is [0, pi].
For factorizations in which the first and third
axes are different, the range of `beta' is
[-pi/2, pi/2].
For rotations such that `alpha' and `gamma' are not
uniquely determined, `alpha' and dalpha/dt will
always be set to zero; `gamma' and dgamma/dt are
then uniquely determined.
unique is a logical that indicates whether or not the
values in `eulang' are uniquely determined. If
the values are unique then `unique' will be set to
SPICETRUE. If the values are not unique and some
components ( eulang[0] and eulang[3] ) have been set
to zero, then `unique' will have the value SPICEFALSE.
ParametersNone. Exceptions
1) If any of `axisa', `axisb', or `axisc' do not have values in
{ 1, 2, 3 }
an error is signaled by a routine in the call tree of this
routine.
2) If `axisb' is equal to `axisc' or `axisa', an error is signaled by a
routine in the call tree of this routine. An arbitrary
rotation matrix cannot be expressed using a sequence of Euler
angles unless the second rotation axis differs from the other
two.
3) If the input matrix `xform' is not a rotation matrix, an error
is signaled by a routine in the call tree of this routine.
4) If eulang[0] and eulang[2] are not uniquely determined,
eulang[0] is set to zero, and eulang[2] is determined.
FilesNone. Particulars
A word about notation: the symbol
[ x ]
i
indicates a coordinate system rotation of x radians about the
ith coordinate axis. To be specific, the symbol
[ x ]
1
indicates a coordinate system rotation of x radians about the
first, or x-, axis; the corresponding matrix is
.- -.
| 1 0 0 |
| |
| 0 cos(x) sin(x) |
| |
| 0 -sin(x) cos(x) |
`- -'
Remember, this is a COORDINATE SYSTEM rotation by x radians; this
matrix, when applied to a vector, rotates the vector by -x
radians, not x radians. Applying the matrix to a vector yields
the vector's representation relative to the rotated coordinate
system.
The analogous rotation about the second, or y-, axis is
represented by
[ x ]
2
which symbolizes the matrix
.- -.
| cos(x) 0 -sin(x) |
| |
| 0 1 0 |
| |
| sin(x) 0 cos(x) |
`- -'
and the analogous rotation about the third, or z-, axis is
represented by
[ x ]
3
which symbolizes the matrix
.- -.
| cos(x) sin(x) 0 |
| |
| -sin(x) cos(x) 0 |
| |
| 0 0 1 |
`- -'
The input matrix is assumed to be the product of three
rotation matrices, each one of the form
.- -.
| 1 0 0 |
| |
| 0 cos(r) sin(r) | (rotation of r radians about the
| | x-axis),
| 0 -sin(r) cos(r) |
`- -'
.- -.
| cos(s) 0 -sin(s) |
| |
| 0 1 0 | (rotation of s radians about the
| | y-axis),
| sin(s) 0 cos(s) |
`- -'
or
.- -.
| cos(t) sin(t) 0 |
| |
| -sin(t) cos(t) 0 | (rotation of t radians about the
| | z-axis),
| 0 0 1 |
`- -'
where the second rotation axis is not equal to the first or
third. Any rotation matrix can be factored as a sequence of
three such rotations, provided that this last criterion is met.
This routine is related to the routine eul2xf_c which produces
a state transformation from an input set of axes, Euler angles
and derivatives.
The two function calls shown here will not change
`xform' except for round off errors.
xf2eul_c ( xform, axisa, axisb, axisc, eulang, &unique );
eul2xf_c ( eulang, axisa, axisb, axisc, xform );
On the other hand the two calls
eul2xf_c ( eulang, axisa, axisb, axisc, xform );
xf2eul_c ( xform, axisa, axisb, axisc, eulang, &unique );
will leave `eulang' unchanged only if the components of `eulang'
are in the range produced by xf2eul_c and the Euler representation
of the rotation component of `xform' is unique within that range.
Examples
The numerical results shown for this example may differ across
platforms. The results depend on the SPICE kernels used as
input, the compiler and supporting libraries, and the machine
specific arithmetic implementation.
1) Determine the rate of change of the right ascension and
declination of the pole of the moon, from the state
transformation matrix that transforms J2000 states to object
fixed states.
Recall that the rotation component of the state transformation
matrix is given by
[w] [halfpi_c-dec] [ra+halfpi_c]
3 1 3
Use the meta-kernel shown below to load the required SPICE
kernels.
KPL/MK
File name: xf2eul_ex1.tm
This meta-kernel is intended to support operation of SPICE
example programs. The kernels shown here should not be
assumed to contain adequate or correct versions of data
required by SPICE-based user applications.
In order for an application to use this meta-kernel, the
kernels referenced here must be present in the user's
current working directory.
The names and contents of the kernels referenced
by this meta-kernel are as follows:
File name Contents
--------- --------
pck00010.tpc Planet orientation and
radii
naif0012.tls Leapseconds
\begindata
KERNELS_TO_LOAD = ( 'pck00010.tpc',
'naif0012.tls' )
\begintext
End of meta-kernel
Example code begins here.
/.
Program xf2eul_ex1
./
#include <stdio.h>
#include "SpiceUsr.h"
int main( )
{
/.
Local parameters.
./
#define META "xf2eul_ex1.tm"
#define UTCSTR "May 15, 2007"
/.
Local variables.
./
SpiceDouble eulang [6];
SpiceDouble et;
SpiceDouble ftmtrx [6][6];
SpiceBoolean unique;
/.
Load SPICE kernels.
./
furnsh_c ( META );
/.
Convert the input time to seconds past J2000 TDB.
./
str2et_c ( UTCSTR, &et );
/.
Get the transformation matrix from J2000 frame to
IAU_MOON.
./
sxform_c ( "J2000", "IAU_MOON", et, ftmtrx );
/.
Convert the transformation matrix to
Euler angles (3-1-3).
./
xf2eul_c ( ftmtrx, 3, 1, 3, eulang, &unique );
/.
Display the results.
./
if ( unique )
{
printf( "UTC: %s\n", UTCSTR );
printf( "W = %19.16f\n", eulang[0] );
printf( "DEC = %19.16f\n", halfpi_c() - eulang[1] );
printf( "RA = %19.16f\n", eulang[2] - halfpi_c() );
printf( "dW/dt = %19.16f\n", eulang[3] );
printf( "dDEC/dt = %19.16f\n", eulang[4] );
printf( "dRA/dt = %19.16f\n", eulang[5] );
}
else
{
printf( "The values in EULANG are not uniquely determined.\n" );
}
return ( 0 );
}
When this program was executed on a Mac/Intel/cc/64-bit
platform, the output was:
UTC: May 15, 2007
W = -2.6490877296701218
DEC = 1.1869108599473206
RA = -1.5496443908099826
dW/dt = 0.0000026578085601
dDEC/dt = 0.0000000004021737
dRA/dt = 0.0000000039334471
RestrictionsNone. Literature_ReferencesNone. Author_and_InstitutionN.J. Bachman (JPL) J. Diaz del Rio (ODC Space) W.L. Taber (JPL) Version
-CSPICE Version 1.0.2, 01-NOV-2021 (JDR)
Edited the header to comply with NAIF standard. Added complete
code example based on existing example.
-CSPICE Version 1.0.1, 05-MAR-2008 (NJB)
Fixed typo (missing double quote character) in code example.
Corrected order of header sections.
-CSPICE Version 1.0.0, 15-JUN-1999 (WLT) (NJB)
Index_EntriesEuler angles and derivatives from state transformation |
Fri Dec 31 18:41:15 2021