KPL/PCK The SPK creations applications (mkspk, mkspk_c) require the data in this kernel to produce Type 10 SPK segments based upon the Two-Line element sets available from NORAD/SPACETRACK. The data applies ONLY to the Two-Line Element sets and only to the SGP4 implementations included in the SPICE library [1][2]. The SPK application copies this data to the constants partition of the Type 10 segment, so the user has no need for the kernel after creation of the corresponding SPK. Bill Taber (JPL) Edward Wright (JPL) The assigned values are taken from the Spacetrack #3 report, referred to as WGS721 in Vallado [2]. It is possible to edit this file to use the high accuracy WGS-72 values (WGS72) or the WGS-84 values (WGS84). The KE parameter value for WGS72 and WGS84 is calculated from the MU and ER values. The lists include MU only for the calculation of KE. MU, the standard gravitational parameter, in cubic kilometer per second squared. WGS721 (STR#3 values) [1] ER = 6378.135 J2 = 0.001082616 J3 = -0.00000253881 J4 = -0.00000165597 KE = 0.0743669161 WGS72 [2] MU = 398600.8 ER = 6378.135 J2 = 0.001082616 J3 = -0.00000253881 J4 = -0.00000165597 KE = 60.0D0/DSQRT(ER**3/MU) = 0.074366916133173 WGS84 [2] MU = 398600.5 ER = 6378.137 J2 = 0.00108262998905 J3 = -0.00000253215306 J4 = -0.00000161098761 KE = 60.0D0/DSQRT(ER**3/MU) = 0.074366853168714 The BODY399_Jn values are un-normalized zonal harmonic values for the earth. These numbers are dimensionless. \begindata BODY399_J2 = 1.082616D-3 BODY399_J3 = -2.53881D-6 BODY399_J4 = -1.65597D-6 \begintext The next item is the square root of GM for the earth given in units of earth-radii**1.5/Minute \begindata BODY399_KE = 7.43669161D-2 \begintext The next two items define the top and bottom of the atmospheric drag model, distance above the surface in kilometers, used by the type 10 ephemeris type. \begindata BODY399_QO = 120.0D0 BODY399_SO = 78.0D0 \begintext The equatorial radius of the earth in kilometers as used by the TLE propagator. \begindata BODY399_ER = 6378.135D0 \begintext The value of AE is the number of distance units per earth radii used by the NORAD state propagation software. Don't change this value. \begindata BODY399_AE = 1.0D0 \begintext References: [1] Hoots, F. R., and Roehrich, R., l. 1980. "Spacetrack Report #3, Models for Propagation of the NORAD Element Sets." U.S. Air Force, CO. [2] Vallado, David, Crawford, Paul, Hujsak, Richard, and Kelso, T.S. 2006. Revisiting Spacetrack Report #3. Paper AIAA 2006-6753 presented at the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, August 21-24, 2006. Keystone, CO.