SPK for DSN Station Locations ===================================================================== Original file name: earthstns_fx_040916.bsp Creation date: 2004 September 16 02:30 Created by: Nat Bachman (NAIF/JPL) Introduction ===================================================================== This file provides geocentric states---locations and velocities--- for the set of DSN stations cited in the list below under "Position Data." Station position vectors point from the earth's barycenter to the stations. Station velocities are estimates of the derivatives with respect to time of these vectors; in this file, velocities are constant. Station velocities have magnitudes on the order of few cm/year. The states in this file are given relative to the terrestrial reference frame ITRF93. In the interest of flexibility, in this file the reference frame is labeled with the alias 'EARTH_FIXED'. Any application using this file must map the alias 'EARTH_FIXED' to either 'ITF93' or 'IAU_EARTH'. See the discussion below under "Reference frame alias" for details. This SPK file has a companion file earthstns_itrf93_040916.bsp which differs from this one only in that it uses the reference frame label 'ITRF93'. For high-accuracy work, the companion file is recommended (on the basis of ease of use). Using this kernel ===================================================================== Planned updates --------------- NAIF plans in the near future to replace this kernel with one containing additional data for tracking stations at Noto and New Norcia. Data for the sites covered by this file will be unchanged in that update. Kernel loading -------------- In order for a SPICE-based program to make use of this kernel, the kernel must be loaded via the SPICE routine FURNSH. If you are running application software created by a third party, see the documentation for that software for instructions on kernel management. See also "Associated frame kernels" and "Associated PCK files" below. Reference frame alias --------------------- This kernel uses the alias 'EARTH_FIXED' to designate the reference frame relative to which the data in this kernel are specified. In order for this kernel to be usable, the alias must be mapped to the name of a supported terrestrial frame. For high-accuracy work, the frame name 'ITRF93' should be used. In some situations, for example when low accuracy, long term predictions are desired, it may be convenient to map 'EARTH_FIXED' to 'IAU_EARTH'. To map the alias, an application must load a text kernel containing assignments as shown below. \begintext Map 'EARTH_FIXED' to ITRF93. (To map to IAU_EARTH, substitute 'IAU_EARTH' for 'EARTH_FIXED' below.) \begindata TKFRAME_EARTH_FIXED_RELATIVE = 'ITRF93' TKFRAME_EARTH_FIXED_SPEC = 'MATRIX' TKFRAME_EARTH_FIXED_MATRIX = ( 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ) \begintext See the Frames Required Reading for details. Associated PCK files -------------------- For high-accuracy work, this kernel should be used together with a high-precision, binary earth PCK file. NAIF produces these kernels on a regular basis; they can be obtained via anonymous ftp from the NAIF server naif.jpl.nasa.gov The PCK is located in the path pub/naif/generic_kernels/pck The file name is of the form earth_000101_yymmdd_yymmdd.bpc The first two dates are the file's start and stop times; the third is the epoch of the last datum in the EOP file: data from this epoch forward are predicted. The file's coverage starts at a fixed date (currently chosen to be 2000 Jan. 1) and extends to the end of the predict region, which has a duration of roughly 3 months. Associated frame kernels ------------------------ The frame kernel having (original) file name earth_topo_040916.tf defines topocentric reference frames associated with each of the stations covered by this file. That kernel supports computations such as finding the azimuth and elevation of a target as seen from a specified station. PARKES ------ The station location data source produced by JPL's section 335 now refers to the Parkes station as "DSS-49." The SPICE Toolkit currently supports the NAIF ID code/name mappings 399005 <--> DSS-05 (secondary) <--> PARKES (primary) To enable use of the name DSS-49, user applications may load a text kernel containing the assignments \begindata NAIF_BODY_NAME += 'DSS-49' NAIF_BODY_CODE += 399049 \begintext The earth topocentric frame kernel earth_topo_040916.tf includes the necessary definitions, so loading it may be a convenient way to establish them. Identical ephemeris data are provided in this file for both ID codes 399005 and 399049. See the NAIF_IDs Required Reading for details. Data sources ===================================================================== The data described here are taken from the JPL web site at URL http://epic/nav/eop/stations.html The site is maintained by Tod Ratcliff, JPL section 335. Reference Spheroid ------------------ The reference bi-axial spheroid is defined by an equatorial and a polar radius. Calling these Re and Rp respectively, the flattening factor f is defined as f = ( Re - Rp ) / Re For the reference spheroid used by this file, the equatorial radius Re and inverse flattening factor 1/f are Re = 6378136.3 m 1/f = 298.257 The reference spheroid was used to transform velocity data from the original topocentric representation to the geocentric representation used in this kernel. Epoch ----- The epoch associated with these data is given by the source as "2003.0." The time variation of the data is slow enough so that specification of the time system is unimportant. However, in the creation of this file, the epoch is assumed to be 2003 Jan 1 00:00:00 TDB At this epoch, the station positions are as given below. Position data ------------- Station locations in the ITRF93 frame at the specified epoch are: Antenna Diameter x (m) y (m) z (m) DSS 12 34m -2350444.0057 -4651980.7620 3665630.9322 DSS 13 34m -2351112.6586 -4655530.6359 3660912.7276 DSS 14 70m -2353621.4197 -4641341.4717 3677052.3178 DSS 15 34m -2353538.9575 -4641649.4287 3676669.9837 DSS 16 26m -2354763.3257 -4646787.3837 3669387.0099 DSS 17 9m -2354730.5247 -4646751.6975 3669440.5998 DSS 23 11m -2354757.7341 -4646934.5965 3669207.7651 DSS 24 34m -2354906.7087 -4646840.0834 3669242.3207 DSS 25 34m -2355022.0140 -4646953.2040 3669040.5666 DSS 26 34m -2354890.7996 -4647166.3182 3668871.7546 DSS 27 34m -2349915.4275 -4656756.4059 3660096.4693 DSS 28 34m -2350102.0169 -4656673.3686 3660103.5180 DSS 33 11m -4461083.8425 2682281.6961 -3674569.9725 DSS 34 34m -4461147.0925 2682439.2385 -3674393.1332 DSS 42 34m -4460981.3463 2682413.4680 -3674581.6534 DSS 43 70m -4460894.9170 2682361.5070 -3674748.1517 DSS 45 34m -4460935.5783 2682765.6611 -3674380.9824 DSS 46 26m -4460828.9473 2682129.5071 -3674975.0884 DSS 49 64m -4554232.1933 2816758.9161 -3454035.6434 DSS 53 11m 4849330.0161 -360337.8678 4114758.9123 DSS 54 34m 4849434.4877 -360723.8999 4114618.8354 DSS 55 34m 4849525.2561 -360606.0932 4114495.0843 DSS 61 34m 4849245.0787 -360277.9478 4114884.5772 DSS 63 70m 4849092.5175 -360180.3480 4115109.2506 DSS 65 34m 4849336.6176 -360488.6349 4114748.9218 DSS 66 26m 4849148.4311 -360474.6175 4114995.1679 Velocity data ------------- The relevant portion of the ODP input file providing station velocities is copied (and reformatted) below. Reference epoch for plate motion: 01-JAN-2003 00:00 Plate motion model, cm/year North East Vertical Goldstone: Stations numbered 1X -0.45 -1.90 -0.03 Stations numbered 2X -0.45 -1.90 -0.03 Canberra: Stations numbered 3X 4.74 2.08 -0.12 Stations numbered 4X 4.74 2.08 -0.12 Madrid: Stations numbered 5X 1.95 2.34 0.12 Stations numbered 6X 1.95 2.34 0.12 Accuracy -------- The following discussion concerning station location accuracy is from the referenced web site. The citations in the text refer to the documents listed below. The uncertainty in the station locations is described by a covariance matrix [2]. The coordinate uncertainties, given by the square-root of the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix, are about 4 cm for DSN stations which have participated in regular VLBI experiments, and about 10 cm for other stations. These coordinate uncertaintes [sic] do not account for uncertainties in Earth orientation calibrations. Uncertainties in Earth orientation as applied to spacecraft navigation are discussed in [5]. References ---------- The site lists the following references: 1. C. Boucher, Z. Altamimi, L. Duhem, "Results and analysis of the ITRF93", IERS Technical Note 18, Observatoire de Paris, 1994. 2. W. M. Folkner, DSN station locations and uncertainties, JPL TDA Progress Report, 42-128,pp. 1-34,1996. 3. T. Moyer, "Mathematical formulation of the double-precision Orbit Determination Program", JPL Technical Report 32-1527, 1971 4. C. S. Jacobs and A. Rius, Internal consistency of VLBI surveying between DSS 63 and DSS 65", JPL IOM 335.3-90-034, 11 May 1992. 5. J. A. Estefan and W. M. Folkner, Sensitivity of planetary cruise navigation to Earth orientation calibration errors, JPL TDA Progress Report 42-123, pp. 1-29, 1995. 6. T. D. Moyer, "Frame tie rotations and nutation corrections for the ODP", JPL EM 314-558, 26 February 1993. 7. E. M. Standish, X X Newhall, J. G. Williams, W. M. Folkner, "JPL planetary and lunar ephemerides DE403/LE403", JPL IOM 314.10-127, 22 May 1995. DSS-49 and Parkes refer to the identical location. \begindata SITES += 'PARKES' PARKES_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' PARKES_CENTER = 399 PARKES_IDCODE = 399005 PARKES_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 PARKES_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) PARKES_XYZ = ( -4554.232193300 2816.758916100 -3454.035643400 ) PARKES_DXYZ = ( -0.032039997 -0.004640382 0.040407245 ) SITES += 'DSS-12' DSS-12_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-12_CENTER = 399 DSS-12_IDCODE = 399012 DSS-12_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-12_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-12_XYZ = ( -2350.444005700 -4651.980762000 3665.630932200 ) DSS-12_DXYZ = ( -0.018020559 0.006465902 -0.003845979 ) SITES += 'DSS-13' DSS-13_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-13_CENTER = 399 DSS-13_IDCODE = 399013 DSS-13_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-13_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-13_XYZ = ( -2351.112658600 -4655.530635900 3660.912727600 ) DSS-13_DXYZ = ( -0.018020207 0.006465595 -0.003848147 ) SITES += 'DSS-14' DSS-14_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-14_CENTER = 399 DSS-14_IDCODE = 399014 DSS-14_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-14_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-14_XYZ = ( -2353.621419700 -4641.341471700 3677.052317800 ) DSS-14_DXYZ = ( -0.018014877 0.006484793 -0.003840791 ) SITES += 'DSS-15' DSS-15_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-15_CENTER = 399 DSS-15_IDCODE = 399015 DSS-15_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-15_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-15_XYZ = ( -2353.538957500 -4641.649428700 3676.669983700 ) DSS-15_DXYZ = ( -0.018015019 0.006484299 -0.003840958 ) SITES += 'DSS-16' DSS-16_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-16_CENTER = 399 DSS-16_IDCODE = 399016 DSS-16_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-16_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-16_XYZ = ( -2354.763325700 -4646.787383700 3669.387009900 ) DSS-16_DXYZ = ( -0.018014117 0.006484844 -0.003844268 ) SITES += 'DSS-17' DSS-17_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-17_CENTER = 399 DSS-17_IDCODE = 399017 DSS-17_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-17_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-17_XYZ = ( -2354.730524700 -4646.751697500 3669.440599800 ) DSS-17_DXYZ = ( -0.018014152 0.006484761 -0.003844241 ) SITES += 'DSS-23' DSS-23_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-23_CENTER = 399 DSS-23_IDCODE = 399023 DSS-23_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-23_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-23_XYZ = ( -2354.757734100 -4646.934596500 3669.207765100 ) DSS-23_DXYZ = ( -0.018014145 0.006484716 -0.003844350 ) SITES += 'DSS-24' DSS-24_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-24_CENTER = 399 DSS-24_IDCODE = 399024 DSS-24_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-24_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-24_XYZ = ( -2354.906708700 -4646.840083400 3669.242320700 ) DSS-24_DXYZ = ( -0.018013937 0.006485303 -0.003844335 ) SITES += 'DSS-25' DSS-25_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-25_CENTER = 399 DSS-25_IDCODE = 399025 DSS-25_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-25_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-25_XYZ = ( -2355.022014000 -4646.953204000 3669.040566600 ) DSS-25_DXYZ = ( -0.018013804 0.006485618 -0.003844429 ) SITES += 'DSS-26' DSS-26_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-26_CENTER = 399 DSS-26_IDCODE = 399026 DSS-26_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-26_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-26_XYZ = ( -2354.890799600 -4647.166318200 3668.871754600 ) DSS-26_DXYZ = ( -0.018014011 0.006484995 -0.003844508 ) SITES += 'DSS-27' DSS-27_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-27_CENTER = 399 DSS-27_IDCODE = 399027 DSS-27_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-27_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-27_XYZ = ( -2349.915427500 -4656.756405900 3660.096469300 ) DSS-27_DXYZ = ( -0.018021946 0.006460527 -0.003848512 ) SITES += 'DSS-28' DSS-28_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-28_CENTER = 399 DSS-28_IDCODE = 399028 DSS-28_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-28_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-28_XYZ = ( -2350.102016900 -4656.673368600 3660.103518000 ) DSS-28_DXYZ = ( -0.018021694 0.006461232 -0.003848512 ) SITES += 'DSS-33' DSS-33_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-33_CENTER = 399 DSS-33_IDCODE = 399033 DSS-33_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-33_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-33_XYZ = ( -4461.083842500 2682.281696100 -3674.569972500 ) DSS-33_DXYZ = ( -0.033411909 -0.004180957 0.039331971 ) SITES += 'DSS-34' DSS-34_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-34_CENTER = 399 DSS-34_IDCODE = 399034 DSS-34_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-34_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-34_XYZ = ( -4461.147092500 2682.439238500 -3674.393133200 ) DSS-34_DXYZ = ( -0.033410811 -0.004181009 0.039332898 ) SITES += 'DSS-42' DSS-42_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-42_CENTER = 399 DSS-42_IDCODE = 399042 DSS-42_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-42_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-42_XYZ = ( -4460.981346300 2682.413468000 -3674.581653400 ) DSS-42_DXYZ = ( -0.033412154 -0.004179826 0.039331883 ) SITES += 'DSS-43' DSS-43_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-43_CENTER = 399 DSS-43_IDCODE = 399043 DSS-43_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-43_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-43_XYZ = ( -4460.894917000 2682.361507000 -3674.748151700 ) DSS-43_DXYZ = ( -0.033413183 -0.004179207 0.039331074 ) SITES += 'DSS-45' DSS-45_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-45_CENTER = 399 DSS-45_IDCODE = 399045 DSS-45_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-45_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-45_XYZ = ( -4460.935578300 2682.765661100 -3674.380982400 ) DSS-45_DXYZ = ( -0.033411111 -0.004178521 0.039332908 ) SITES += 'DSS-46' DSS-46_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-46_CENTER = 399 DSS-46_IDCODE = 399046 DSS-46_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-46_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-46_XYZ = ( -4460.828947300 2682.129507100 -3674.975088400 ) DSS-46_DXYZ = ( -0.033414572 -0.004179350 0.039329879 ) SITES += 'DSS-49' DSS-49_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-49_CENTER = 399 DSS-49_IDCODE = 399049 DSS-49_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-49_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-49_XYZ = ( -4554.232193300 2816.758916100 -3454.035643400 ) DSS-49_DXYZ = ( -0.032039997 -0.004640382 0.040407245 ) SITES += 'DSS-53' DSS-53_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-53_CENTER = 399 DSS-53_IDCODE = 399053 DSS-53_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-53_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-53_XYZ = ( 4849.330016100 -360.337867800 4114.758912300 ) DSS-53_DXYZ = ( -0.009965700 0.024205031 0.015622141 ) SITES += 'DSS-54' DSS-54_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-54_CENTER = 399 DSS-54_IDCODE = 399054 DSS-54_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-54_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-54_XYZ = ( 4849.434487700 -360.723899900 4114.618835400 ) DSS-54_DXYZ = ( -0.009963351 0.024205769 0.015622496 ) SITES += 'DSS-55' DSS-55_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-55_CENTER = 399 DSS-55_IDCODE = 399055 DSS-55_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-55_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-55_XYZ = ( 4849.525256100 -360.606093200 4114.495084300 ) DSS-55_DXYZ = ( -0.009963608 0.024205488 0.015622768 ) SITES += 'DSS-61' DSS-61_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-61_CENTER = 399 DSS-61_IDCODE = 399061 DSS-61_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-61_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-61_XYZ = ( 4849.245078700 -360.277947800 4114.884577200 ) DSS-61_DXYZ = ( -0.009966342 0.024204949 0.015621858 ) SITES += 'DSS-63' DSS-63_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-63_CENTER = 399 DSS-63_IDCODE = 399063 DSS-63_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-63_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-63_XYZ = ( 4849.092517500 -360.180348000 4115.109250600 ) DSS-63_DXYZ = ( -0.009967442 0.024204823 0.015621352 ) SITES += 'DSS-65' DSS-65_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-65_CENTER = 399 DSS-65_IDCODE = 399065 DSS-65_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-65_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-65_XYZ = ( 4849.336617600 -360.488634900 4114.748921800 ) DSS-65_DXYZ = ( -0.009964907 0.024205335 0.015622176 ) SITES += 'DSS-66' DSS-66_FRAME = 'EARTH_FIXED' DSS-66_CENTER = 399 DSS-66_IDCODE = 399066 DSS-66_EPOCH = @2003-JAN-01/00:00 DSS-66_BOUNDS = ( @1950-JAN-01/00:00, @2050-JAN-01/00:01 ) DSS-66_XYZ = ( 4849.148431100 -360.474617500 4114.995167900 ) DSS-66_DXYZ = ( -0.009965666 0.024205391 0.015621605 )