KPL/PCK P_constants (PCK) SPICE kernel file mars_iau2000_v1.tpc =========================================================================== By: Nat Bachman, Boris Semenov (NAIF) 2023 January 18 Organization -------------------------------------------------------- The contents of this file are as follows. Introductory Information: -- Version description -- Disclaimer -- Sources -- Body numbers and names PCK Data: -- Orientation constants for Mars and its natural satellites -- Radii of Mars and its natural satellites Additional data: -- Variables that prevent conflicts with Mars system orientation data in pck00011.tpc and pck00011_n0066.tpc. See the version description below. Version description -------------------------------------------------------- This file was created on January 18, 2023. Orientation data in this file for Mars and its natural satellites are from reference [1] and are identical to those provided in the PCK file mars_iau2000_v0.tpc The IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements has published several updates to the Mars system orientation data presented here; the latest updates are available in references [4] and [5]. The Mars system shape data in this file are from reference [4]. These sets of triaxial ellipsoid radii are identical to those for the corresponding bodies in the files pck00011.tpc pck00011_n0066.tpc which are the latest generic PCK files released by NAIF. Data in those files are primarily from reference [4]. WARNING: Mars system orientation data in the PCK files pck00011*.tpc listed above are incompatible with corresponding data from older PCK files. Loading either of the pck00011*.tpc files, and then loading older PCK files, including mars_iau2000_v0.tpc pck00010.tpc will make Mars system orientation data from the later loaded files unusable. After this sequence of kernel loads, calls to SPICE APIs that require the orientation of Mars, Phobos, or Deimos, for example calls to the SPICE APIs PXFORM or SXFORM, will cause the error SPICE(INSUFFICIENTANGLES) to be signaled. Mars system orientation data in the file pck00011.tpc cannot be used with SPICE Toolkit versions earlier than N0067. This update of mars_iau2000_v0.tpc works around the problem described above. This PCK contains variables that enable Mars system orientation data in this file to be safely used when this file is loaded after either pck00011.tpc or pck00011_n0066.tpc. After this file is loaded, it is safe to load other, older PCKs and use the Mars system orientation data from those files, even if one of the pck00011*.tpc files had been loaded before this file. This kernel may be used by any SPICE Toolkit version. Disclaimer -------------------------------------------------------- This constants file may not contain the parameter values that you prefer. Note that this file may be readily modified by you or anyone else. NAIF suggests that you inspect this file visually before proceeding with any critical or extended data processing. NAIF requests that you update the ``by line' and date if you modify the file. Sources -------------------------------------------------------- The sources for the constants listed in this file are: [1] Seidelmann, P.K., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Davies, M.E., Bergh, C. de, Lieske, J.H., Oberst, J., Simon, J.L., Standish, E.M., Stooke, P., and Thomas, P.C. (2002). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.82, Issue 1, pp. 83-111. [2] ``Planetary Geodetic Control Using Satellite Imaging,'' Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 84, No. B3, March 10, 1979, by Thomas C. Duxbury. This paper is cataloged as NAIF document 190.0. [3] Letter from Thomas C. Duxbury to Dr. Ephraim Lazeryevich Akim, Keldish Institute of Applied Mathematics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR. This letter is catalogued as NAIF document number 195.0. [4] Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., A'Hearn, M.F., Conrad, A., Consolmagno, G.J., Duxbury, T., Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Kirk, R.L., Klinoner, S.A., McCarthy, D., Meech, K., Oberst, J., Ping., J., Seidelmann, P.K., Tholen, D.J., Thomas, P.C., and Williams, I.P., "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130, Article number 22 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5 [5] Archinal, B.A., Acton, C.H., Conrad, A., Duxbury, T., Hestroffer, D., Hilton, J.L., Jorda, L., Kirk, R.L., Klinoner, Margot, J.-L., S.A., Meech, K., Oberst, Paganelli, F., J., Ping., J., Seidelmann, P.K., Stark, A., Tholen, Wang, Y., and Williams, I.P., "Correction to: Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015." Values in this file are from [1] and [4]. All exceptions are commented where they occur in this file. The exceptions are: -- The second nutation precession angle (M2) for Mars is represented by a quadratic polynomial in the 2002 IAU report [1]. Prior to the N0067 version of the SPICE Toolkit, SPICE PCK orientation evaluation software could not handle this term, so we truncate the polynomial to a linear one. -- Values for Mars' prime meridian offset are listed as comments. These are taken from [2] and [3]. Body numbers and names -------------------------------------------------------- The NAIF ID codes used in this file are 4 Mars barycenter 499 Mars 401 Phobos 402 Deimos See the NAIF_IDS Required Reading for the full list of ID codes recognized by the SPICE system. Orientation constants for Mars and its natural satellites --------------------------------------------------------- Mars Values are from [1]. \begindata BODY499_POLE_RA = ( 317.68143 -0.1061 0. ) BODY499_POLE_DEC = ( 52.88650 -0.0609 0. ) BODY499_PM = ( 176.630 350.89198226 ) \begintext Source [2] specifies the following value for the lambda_a term (BODY4_LONG_AXIS ) for Mars. This term is the POSITIVE WEST LONGITUDE, measured from the prime meridian, of the longest axis of the ellipsoid representing the ``mean planet surface,'' as the article states. body499_long_axis = ( 110. ) Source [3] specifies the lambda_a value body499_long_axis = ( 104.9194 ) We list these lambda_a values for completeness. The IAU gives equal values for both equatorial radii, so the lambda_a offset does not apply to the IAU model. The 2000 IAU report defines M2, the second nutation precession angle, by: 2 192.93 + 1128.4096700 d + 8.864 T We truncate the M2 series to a linear expression, because SPICE PCK orientation evaluation software, prior to SPICE Toolkit version N0067, could not handle the quadratic term. Again, the linear terms are scaled by 36525.0: -0.4357640000000000 --> -15916.28010000000 1128.409670000000 --> 41215163.19675000 -1.8151000000000000E-02 --> -662.9652750000000 We also introduce a fourth nutation precession angle, which is the pi/2-complement of the third angle. This angle is used in computing the prime meridian location for Deimos. See the discussion of this angle below in the section containing orientation constants for Deimos. \begindata BODY4_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 169.51 -15916.2801 192.93 +41215163.19675 53.47 -662.965275 36.53 +662.965275 ) \begintext Satellites of Mars Phobos Values are from [1]. The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: 8.864000000000000 ---> 6.6443009930565219E-09 \begindata BODY401_POLE_RA = ( 317.68 -0.108 0. ) BODY401_POLE_DEC = ( +52.90 -0.061 0. ) BODY401_PM = ( 35.06 +1128.8445850 6.6443009930565219D-09 ) BODY401_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY401_NUT_PREC_RA = ( +1.79 0. 0. 0. ) BODY401_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -1.08 0. 0. 0. ) BODY401_NUT_PREC_PM = ( -1.42 -0.78 0. 0. ) \begintext Deimos Values are from [1]. The Deimos prime meridian expression is: 2 W = 79.41 + 285.1618970 d - 0.520 T - 2.58 sin M 3 + 0.19 cos M . 3 SPICE PCK orientation evaluation software cannot handle the cosine term directly, but we can represent it as 0.19 sin M 4 where M = 90.D0 - M 4 3 Therefore, the nutation precession angle assignments for Phobos and Deimos contain four coefficients rather than three. The quadratic prime meridian term is scaled by 1/36525**2: -0.5200000000000000 ---> -3.8978300049519307E-10 \begindata BODY402_POLE_RA = ( 316.65 -0.108 0. ) BODY402_POLE_DEC = ( +53.52 -0.061 0. ) BODY402_PM = ( 79.41 +285.1618970 -3.897830D-10 ) BODY402_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY402_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. +2.98 0. ) BODY402_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.78 0. ) BODY402_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -2.58 0.19 ) \begintext Radii for Mars and its natural satellites -------------------------------------------------------- Mars Old values: Values for Mars are unchanged in the 2015 report [4]. Current values: The 2015 IAU report [4] gives separate values for the north and south polar radii: north: 3373.19 south: 3379.21 The report provides the average of these values as well, which we use as the polar radius for the triaxial model. \begindata BODY499_RADII = ( 3396.19 3396.19 3376.20 ) \begintext Satellites of Mars Old values: Values are from [1]. body401_radii = ( 13.4 11.2 9.2 ) body402_radii = ( 7.5 6.1 5.2 ) Current values: Values for Mars are from the 2015 report [4]. \begindata BODY401_RADII = ( 13.0 11.4 9.1 ) BODY402_RADII = ( 7.8 6.0 5.1 ) \begintext Variables that prevent conflicts with PCKs pck00011*.tpc -------------------------------------------------------- \begindata BODY4_MAX_PHASE_DEGREE = 1 BODY499_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0 ) BODY499_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0 ) BODY499_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0 ) \begintext [End of file]