There are three kinds of bodies: ephemeris bodies, designated objects, and
stars.
An ephemeris body is any body for which ephemerides are available.
Ephemerides for the planets and their major satellites are supplied by JPL.
Spacecraft for which ephemeris data exist are also ephemeris bodies.
Ephemeris bodies for which kernel data exists are drawn as tri-axial ellipsoids. The radii and orientation for these bodies are taken from the kernel files loaded via the "LOAD KERNEL" command.
A designated object is a temporary object, created by one of the DESIGNATE
commands. Each designated object is specified by a set of coordinates in a
particular Target Reference Frame (TRF) centered at a particular ephemeris
body. Each TRF is associated with a separate DESIGNATE command.
Unlike an ephemeris object, a designated object ceases to exist when the session in which it is created comes to an end.
In theory, a unique integer can be assigned to each body in the solar system.
The the low level portions of the SPICE system use integer codes instead of
names to refer to ephemeris bodies. PERCY recognizes these integer codes and
they may be used instead of the body name in any command that requires you to
specify a body as one of the inputs. If a body name is more than one word,
you must either use the integer ID-code to specify the body or write the name
of the object with all internal spaces supressed (e.g. JupiterBarcycenter
instead of Jupiter Barycenter). If the name of the body is not one of the
"built in" names, you will need to use the object's integer code to refer to
it.
In practice, unrecognized names may be defined as symbols. For example,
DEFINE AURIGA 2007839;
DEFINE CATHEY 2008392;
.
.
DEFINE NAMESTE 2028292;
Negative codes are reserved for man-made objects such as the Hubble Space
Telescope, the Galileo spacecraft, etc. The body codes for NASA planetary
spacecraft and the Hubble Space Telescope are given here.
ID Code Name Alternate Name
====================================================
-012 Pioneer 12 P12
-018 Magellan MGN
-027 Viking 1 Orbiter VK1
-030 Viking 2 Orbiter VK2
-031 Voyager 1 VG1
-032 Voyager 2 VG2
-040 Clementine
-046 Ms-t5
-046 Sakigake
-047 Planet-a
-047 Suisei
-053 Mars Pathfinder MPF
-055 Ulysses
-058 Vsop
-059 Radioastron
-066 Vega 1
-067 Vega 2
-077 Galileo Orbiter Gll
-078 Giotto
-081 Cassini Itl
-082 Cassini CAS
-090 Cassini Simulation
-093 Near Earth Asteroid NEAR
Rendezvous
-094 Mars Global Surveyor MGS
-095 Mgs Simulation
-112 Ice
-150 Cassini Huygens Probe
-344 Galileo Probe
-550 Mars 96 Mars96
The smallest positive codes are reserved for the Sun and the planet
barycenters:
0 Solar system barycenter
1 Mercury "
2 Venus "
3 Earth "
4 Mars "
5 Jupiter "
6 Saturn "
7 Uranus "
8 Neptune "
9 Pluto "
10 Sun
The code for a satellite is normally computed by adding its IAU designation
to 100 times the code for its barycenter. For example, Ananke, the 12th
satellite of Jupiter (JXII), is body number 512. This system works for all
satellites discovered prior to 1997.
ID Code Name Alternate Name ======================================= 301 Moon 401 Phobos 402 Deimos 501 Io 502 Europa 503 Ganymede 504 Callisto 505 Amalthea 506 Himalia 507 Elara 508 Pasiphae 509 Sinope 510 Lysithea 511 Carme 512 Ananke 513 Leda 514 Thebe 1979J2 515 Adrastea 1979J1 516 Metis 1979J3 601 Mimas 602 Enceladus 603 Tethys 604 Dione 605 Rhea 606 Titan 607 Hyperion 608 Iapetus 609 Phoebe 610 Janus 1980S1 611 Epimetheus 1980S3 612 Helene 1980S6 613 Telesto 1980S13 614 Calypso 1980S25 615 Atlas 1980S28 616 Prometheus 1980S27 617 Pandora 1980S26 618 Pan 701 Ariel 702 Umbriel 703 Titania 704 Oberon 705 Miranda 706 Cordelia 1986U7 707 Ophelia 1986U8 708 Bianca 1986U9 709 Cressida 1986U4 710 Desdemona 1986U6 711 Juliet 1986U3 712 Portia 1986U1 713 Rosalind 1986U2 714 Belinda 1986U5 715 Puck 1985U1 801 Triton 802 Nereid 803 Naiad 804 Thalassa 805 Despina 806 Galatea 807 Larissa 808 Proteus 901 Charon 1978P1A planet is always considered to be the 99th satellite of its own barycenter. For example, Jupiter is body number 599. Mercury and Venus have no satellites, so bodies 199 and 299 are the same as bodies 1 and 2. For all practical purposes, this is true for Mars (499 and 4) as well.
199 Mercury 299 Venus 399 Earth 499 Mars 599 Jupiter 699 Saturn 799 Uranus 899 Neptune 999 PlutoNumbers between 1001 and 1099 are assigned to designated objects as the objects are created. These numbers may not be used for ephemeris bodies.
The ID-codes for the various tracking station sites as well as individual tracki
399001 Goldstone (site) 399002 Canberra (site) 399003 Madrid (site) 399004 Usuda (site) 399005 Parkes (station) 399006 DSS-6 (station) 399007 DSS-7 (station) 399008 DSS-8 (station) 399009 DSS-9 (station) 399010 DSS-10 (station) 399011 DSS-11 (station) 399012 DSS-12 (station) 399013 DSS-13 (station) 399014 DSS-14 (station) 399015 DSS-15 (station) 399016 DSS-16 (station) 399017 DSS-17 (station) 399018 DSS-18 (station) 399019 DSS-19 (station) 399020 DSS-20 (station) 399021 DSS-21 (station) 399022 DSS-22 (station) 399023 DSS-23 (station) 399024 DSS-24 (station) 399025 DSS-25 (station) 399026 DSS-26 (station) 399027 DSS-27 (station) 399028 DSS-28 (station) 399029 DSS-29 (station) 399030 DSS-30 (station) 399031 DSS-31 (station) 399032 DSS-32 (station) 399033 DSS-33 (station) 399034 DSS-34 (station) 399035 DSS-35 (station) 399036 DSS-36 (station) 399037 DSS-37 (station) 399038 DSS-38 (station)Codes for numbered asteroids from the JPL Asteroid and Comet Catalog are created by adding the asteroid number to 2000000 (two million). For example, asteroid Yeomans (2956) is body number 2002956.
The periodic comet numbers are given in the table below. (Note that they are always in the range from 1,000,001 to 1,999,999.)
1000001 Arend 1000002 Arend-Rigaux 1000003 Ashbrook-Jackson 1000004 Boethin 1000005 Borrelly 1000006 Bowell-Skiff 1000007 Bradfield 1000008 Brooks2 1000009 Brorsen-Metcalf 1000010 Bus 1000011 Chernykh 1000012 Churyumov-Gerasimenko 1000013 Ciffreo 1000014 Clark 1000015 Comas Sola 1000016 Crommelin 1000017 D' Arrest 1000018 Daniel 1000019 De Vico-Swift 1000020 Denning-Fujikawa 1000021 Du Toit1 1000022 Du Toit-Hartley 1000023 Dutoit-Neujmin-Delporte 1000024 Dubiago 1000025 Encke 1000026 Faye 1000027 Finlay 1000028 Forbes 1000029 Gehrels1 1000030 Gehrels2 1000031 Gehrels3 1000032 Giacobini-Zinner 1000033 Giclas 1000034 Grigg-Skjellerup 1000035 Gunn 1000036 Halley 1000037 Haneda-Campos 1000038 Harrington 1000039 Harrington-Abell 1000040 Hartley1 1000041 Hartley2 1000042 Hartley-Iras 1000043 Herschel-Rigollet 1000044 Holmes 1000045 Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova 1000046 Howell 1000047 Iras 1000048 Jackson-Neujmin 1000049 Johnson 1000050 Kearns-Kwee 1000051 Klemola 1000052 Kohoutek 1000053 Kojima 1000054 Kopff 1000055 Kowal1 1000056 Kowal2 1000057 Kowal-Mrkos 1000058 Kowal-Vavrova 1000059 Longmore 1000060 Lovas1 1000061 Machholz 1000062 Maury 1000063 Neujmin1 1000064 Neujmin2 1000065 Neujmin3 1000066 Olbers 1000067 Peters-Hartley 1000068 Pons-Brooks 1000069 Pons-Winnecke 1000070 Reinmuth1 1000071 Reinmuth2 1000072 Russell1 1000073 Russell2 1000074 Russell3 1000075 Russell4 1000076 Sanguin 1000077 Schaumasse 1000078 Schuster 1000079 Schwassmann-Wachmann1 1000080 Schwassmann-Wachmann2 1000081 Schwassmann-Wachmann3 1000082 Shajn-Schaldach 1000083 Shoemaker1 1000084 Shoemaker2 1000085 Shoemaker3 1000086 Singer-Brewster 1000087 Slaughter-Burnham 1000088 Smirnova-Chernykh 1000089 Stephan-Oterma 1000090 Swift-Gehrels 1000091 Takamizawa 1000092 Taylor 1000093 Tempel1 1000094 Tempel2 1000095 Tempel-Tuttle 1000096 Tritton 1000097 Tsuchinshan1 1000098 Tsuchinshan2 1000099 Tuttle 1000100 Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak 1000101 Vaisala1 1000102 Van Biesbroeck 1000103 Van Houten 1000104 West-Kohoutek-Ikemura 1000105 Whipple 1000106 Wild1 1000107 Wild2 1000108 Wild3 1000109 Wirtanen 1000110 Wolf 1000111 Wolf-Harrington 1000112 Lovas2 1000113 Urata-Niijima 1000114 Wiseman-Skiff 1000115 Helin 1000116 Mueller 1000117 Shoemaker-Holt1 1000118 Helin-Roman-Crockett 1000119 Hartley3 1000120 Parker-Hartley 1000121 Helin-Roman-Alu1 1000122 Wild4 1000123 Mueller2 1000124 Mueller3 1000125 Shoemaker-Levy1 1000126 Shoemaker-Levy2 1000127 Holt-Olmstead 1000128 Metcalf-Brewington 1000129 Levy 1000130 Shoemaker-Levy9 1000131 Hyakutake 1000132 Hale-Bopp