KPL/PCK \begindata CASSINI_PCK_VERSION = ( '2004-OCT-14' ) \begintext P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file Refer to the notes at the bottom of the file for help, contacts, version history, references, and Cassini-specific parameter descriptions. All radii and orientation values are from reference [1] unless otherwise noted. -------- SUN Value for the Sun radii is from [2], page K7. BODY10_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY10_GM = ( 132712440017.9870 ) BODY10_RADII = ( 696000. 696000. 696000. ) BODY10_POLE_RA = ( 286.13 0. 0. ) BODY10_POLE_DEC = ( 63.87 0. 0. ) BODY10_PM = ( 84.10 +14.18440 0. ) BODY10_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- VENUS BODY2_GM from [18]. BODY299_GM = BODY2_GM. \begindata BODY2_GM = ( 324858.598826460 ) BODY299_GM = ( 324858.598826460 ) BODY299_RADII = ( 6051.8 6051.8 6051.8 ) BODY299_POLE_RA = ( 272.76 0. 0. ) BODY299_POLE_DEC = ( +67.16 0. 0. ) BODY299_PM = ( 160.20 -1.4813688 0. ) BODY299_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- EARTH BODY3_GM, BODY399_GM from [18]. Northern hemisphere projection of the Earth's magnetic dipole: coordinates are planetocentric, values are from [3]. \begindata BODY3_GM = ( 403503.233479087 ) BODY399_GM = ( 398600.4328969392 ) BODY399_RADII = ( 6378.140 6378.140 6356.75 ) BODY399_POLE_RA = ( 0. -0.641 0. ) BODY399_POLE_DEC = ( +90. -0.557 0. ) BODY399_PM = ( 190.147 +360.9856235 0. ) BODY399_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 125.045 -1935.5364525000 250.089 -3871.0729050000 260.008 475263.3328725000 176.625 487269.6299850000 357.529 35999.0509575000 311.589 964468.4993100001 134.963 477198.8693250000 276.617 12006.3007650000 34.226 63863.5132425000 15.134 -5806.6093575000 119.743 131.8406400000 239.961 6003.1503825000 25.053 473327.7964200000 ) BODY399_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LON = ( -69.761 ) BODY399_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LAT = ( 78.565 ) \begintext -------- JUPITER BODY5_GM value from [18]. BODY599_GM value from [18]. \begindata BODY5_GM = ( 126712767.8577960 ) BODY599_GM = ( 126686536.9610660 ) BODY599_RADII = ( 71492. 71492. 66854. ) BODY599_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY599_POLE_DEC = ( +64.49 +0.003 0. ) BODY599_PM = ( 284.95 +870.5366420 0. ) BODY599_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY5_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 73.32 91472.9 24.62 45137.2 283.90 4850.7 355.80 1191.3 119.90 262.1 229.80 64.3 352.35 2382.6 113.35 6070.0 146.64 182945.8 49.24 90274.4 ) \begintext -------- SATURN BODY6_GM value from [18]. BODY699_GM value from [18]. Nonzero gravitational harmonics listed below are J2, J4, and J6, from [18] C22 and S22 from [14]. RA and DEC pole vectors from [18]. The first seven angles given in NUT_PREC are the angles S1 through S7 from the 2000 IAU report; the eighth and ninth angles are 2*S1 and 2*S2, respectively. Ring models are from [4], [19], [20]. They are also documented in [11] and [12]. F Ring Data are from [8]. MIMI zone reflects the old flight rule for MIMI INCA, +/- 30000 km thickness inside of 8.74 Rs. BODY699_RADII_OPTICAL is for PDT to determine at what altitude that Saturn first starts to cast a discernible shadow. BODY699_RADII_RS models Saturn as a sphere and corresponds to a 100 mbar surface. BODY699_RADII and BODY699_RADII_1BAR correspond to a 1 bar surface. BODY699_RADII contains IAU values. BODY699_RADII_1BAR currently contains IAU values but will likely be updated during the mission. It is generally agreed that 60330.0 is the Saturn reference radius. This value in stored later in the file under the keyword RS. Eventually three different magnetospheric models will be provided. This section currently serves as a placeholder. BODY699_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LON = ( 0.0 ) BODY699_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LAT = ( +90.0 ) BODY699_M1COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_G1COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_H1COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_M2COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_G2COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_H2COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_M3COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_G3COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_H3COEF = ( 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) \begindata BODY6_GM = ( 37940635.43988779 ) BODY699_GM = ( 37931253.0189 ) BODY699_RADII = ( 60268. 60268. 54364. ) BODY699_RADII_1BAR = ( 60268. 60268. 54364. ) BODY699_RADII_OPTICAL = ( 60430. 60430. 54508. ) BODY699_RADII_RS = ( 60330. 60330. 60330. ) BODY699_POLE_RA = ( 40.578578 -0.042290 0. ) BODY699_POLE_DEC = ( 83.537554 -0.004440 0. ) BODY699_PM = ( 38.90 +810.7939024 0. ) BODY699_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY699_JCOEF = ( 0.0, 0.016290947327, 0.0, -0.000933579463, 0.0, 0.000089360833 ) BODY699_CCOEF = ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0000000000000 ) BODY699_SCOEF = ( 0.0, 0.0, 0.00000000 ) BODY6_NUT_PREC_ANGLES = ( 353.32 75706.7 28.72 75706.7 177.40 -36505.5 300.00 -7225.9 316.45 506.2 345.20 -1016.3 29.80 -52.1 706.64 151413.4 57.44 151413.4 ) BODY699_RING1_NAME = 'A Ring' BODY699_RING1 = (122170.0 136780.0 0.1 0.1 0.5) BODY699_RING1_1_NAME = 'Encke Gap' BODY699_RING1_1 = (133405.0 133730.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_RING2_NAME = 'Cassini Division' BODY699_RING2 = (117580.0 122170.0 0.0 0.0 0.0) BODY699_RING3_NAME = 'B Ring' BODY699_RING3 = (92000.0 117580.0 0.1 0.1 1.5) BODY699_RING4_NAME = 'C Ring' BODY699_RING4 = (74510.0 92000.0 0.1 0.1 0.1) BODY699_RING5_NAME = 'D Ring' BODY699_RING5 = (66970.0 74510.0 0.1 0.1 0.00001) BODY699_RING6_NAME = 'E ring' BODY699_RING6_A = (189870.0 256900.0 9000.0 9000.0 0.000003) BODY699_RING6_B = (256900.0 420000.0 9000.0 17000.0 0.000003) BODY699_RING7_NAME = 'F Ring' BODY699_RING7 = (140180.0 140270.0 6.5 6.5 0.1) BODY699_RING7_FCENTER = (140223.7, 0.00254, 24.1, 2.7001, 0.0065, 16.1, -2.6876) BODY699_RING8_NAME = 'G Ring' BODY699_RING8 = (165000.0 176000.0 280.0 280.0 0.000001) BODY699_MIMI_DUST_ZONE = ( 0.0 527284.2 60000.0 60000.0 ) \begintext -------- URANUS BODY7_GM value from [18]. BODY799_GM = BODY799_GM + ( BODY5_GM[14] - \begindata BODY7_GM = ( 5794549.007071874 ) BODY799_GM = ( 5793939.2135616660 ) BODY799_RADII = ( 25559. 25559. 24973. ) BODY799_POLE_RA = ( 257.311 0. 0. ) BODY799_POLE_DEC = ( -15.175 0. 0. ) BODY799_PM = ( 203.81 -501.1600928 0. ) BODY799_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- MOON BODY301_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY301_GM = ( 4902.800582147764) BODY301_RADII = ( 1737.4 1737.4 1737.4 ) BODY301_POLE_RA = ( 269.9949 0.0031 0. ) BODY301_POLE_DEC = ( 66.5392 0.0130 0. ) BODY301_PM = ( 38.3213 13.17635815 -1.4D-12 ) BODY301_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.8787 -0.1204 +0.0700 -0.0172 0. +0.0072 0. 0. 0. -0.0052 0. 0. +0.0043 ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 1.5419 0.0239 -0.0278 +0.0068 0. -0.0029 +0.0009 0. 0. +0.0008 0. 0. -0.0009 ) BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 3.5610 +0.1208 -0.0642 +0.0158 +0.0252 -0.0066 -0.0047 -0.0046 +0.0028 +0.0052 +0.0040 +0.0019 -0.0044 ) \begintext Satellites of Jupiter ------------------------------------------------------- -------- IO BODY501_GM value from [5]. \begindata BODY501_GM = ( 5959.916 ) BODY501_RADII = ( 1829.4 1819.3 1815.7 ) BODY501_POLE_RA = ( 268.05 -0.009 0. ) BODY501_POLE_DEC = ( +64.50 +0.003 0. ) BODY501_PM = ( 200.39 +203.4889538 0. ) BODY501_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY501_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. +0.094 +0.024 ) BODY501_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. +0.040 +0.011 ) BODY501_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -0.085 -0.022 ) \begintext -------- EUROPA BODY502_GM value from [5]. \begindata BODY502_GM = ( 3202.739 ) BODY502_RADII = ( 1564.13 1561.23 1560.93 ) BODY502_POLE_RA = ( 268.08 -0.009 0. ) BODY502_POLE_DEC = ( +64.51 +0.003 0. ) BODY502_PM = ( 36.022 +101.3747235 0. ) BODY502_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY502_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. +1.086 +0.060 +0.015 +0.009 ) BODY502_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.468 +0.026 +0.007 +0.002 ) BODY502_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.980 -0.054 -0.014 -0.008 ) \begintext -------- GANYMEDE BODY503_GM value from [5]. \begindata BODY503_GM = ( 9887.834 ) BODY503_RADII = ( 2632.4 2632.29 2632.35 ) BODY503_POLE_RA = ( 268.20 -0.009 0. ) BODY503_POLE_DEC = ( +64.57 +0.003 0. ) BODY503_PM = ( 44.064 +50.3176081 0. ) BODY503_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY503_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.037 +0.431 +0.091 ) BODY503_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.016 +0.186 +0.039 ) BODY503_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.033 -0.389 -0.082 ) \begintext -------- CALLISTO BODY504_GM value from [5]. \begindata BODY504_GM = ( 7179.289 ) BODY504_RADII = ( 2409.4 2409.2 2409.3 ) BODY504_POLE_RA = ( 268.72 -0.009 0. ) BODY504_POLE_DEC = ( +64.83 +0.003 0. ) BODY504_PM = ( 259.51 +21.5710715 0. ) BODY504_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY504_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 +0.590 0. +0.010 ) BODY504_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 +0.254 0. -0.004 ) BODY504_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.061 -0.533 0. -0.009 ) \begintext -------- HIMALIA BODY506_GM values from [21]. \begindata BODY506_GM = ( 0.45 ) BODY506_RADII = ( 85 85 85 ) BODY506_POLE_RA = ( 268.72 -0.009 0. ) BODY506_POLE_DEC = ( +64.83 +0.003 0. ) BODY506_PM = ( 259.51 +21.5710715 0. ) BODY506_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext Satellites of Saturn ----------------------------------------------------------- -------- MIMAS BODY601_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY601_GM = ( 2.515808935525568 ) BODY601_RADII = ( 209.1 196.2 191.4 ) BODY601_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY601_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY601_PM = ( 337.46 +381.9945550 0. ) BODY601_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY601_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. +13.56 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY601_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. -1.53 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY601_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. -13.48 0. -44.85 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext -------- ENCELADUS BODY602_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY602_GM = ( 7.454677637210765) BODY602_RADII = ( 256.3 247.3 244.6 ) BODY602_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY602_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY602_PM = ( 2.82 +262.7318996 0. ) BODY602_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- TETHYS BODY603_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY603_GM = ( 41.20601094342072 ) BODY603_RADII = ( 535.6 528.2 525.8 ) BODY603_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY603_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY603_PM = ( 10.45 +190.6979085 0. ) BODY603_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY603_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. +9.66 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY603_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. -1.09 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ) BODY603_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. -9.60 +2.23 0. 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext -------- DIONE BODY604_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY604_GM = ( 73.11812875886922 ) BODY604_RADII = ( 560. 560. 560. ) BODY604_POLE_RA = ( 40.66 -0.036 0. ) BODY604_POLE_DEC = ( +83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY604_PM = ( 357.00 +131.5349316 0. ) BODY604_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- RHEA BODY605_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY605_GM = ( 156.7552729624985 ) BODY605_RADII = ( 764. 764. 764. ) BODY605_POLE_RA = ( 40.38 -0.036 0. ) BODY605_POLE_DEC = ( +83.55 -0.004 0. ) BODY605_PM = ( 235.16 +79.6900478 0. ) BODY605_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY605_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +3.10 0. 0. 0. ) BODY605_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.35 0. 0. 0. ) BODY605_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -3.08 0. 0. 0. ) \begintext -------- TITAN BODY606_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY606_GM = ( 8977.926485053020 ) BODY606_RADII = ( 2575. 2575. 2575. ) BODY606_POLE_RA = ( 36.41 -0.036 0. ) BODY606_POLE_DEC = ( +83.94 -0.004 0. ) BODY606_PM = ( 189.64 +22.5769768 0. ) BODY606_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY606_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +2.66 0. 0. ) BODY606_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.30 0. 0. ) BODY606_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2.64 0. 0. ) BODY606_ATMOSPHERE = ( 175.0 10.0 0.000006350 11400.0 76.0 0.000000513 8030.0 -429.0 0.000073500 15000.0 44.0 ) \begintext -------- HYPERION BODY607_GM from [18]. While Hyperion's spin state is chaotic, Voyager and ground-based observations suggest some states are common (Thomas et al 1995, Icarus 117, 128-148). The spin pole orientation is from the Voyager observations; both the spin pole orientation and spin rate will probably differ during Cassini's mission. Hyperion radii and orientation from Peter Thomas @ Cornell \begindata BODY607_GM = ( 0.720000000000000 ) BODY607_RADII = ( 164. 130. 107. ) BODY607_POLE_RA = ( 226. 0 0 ) BODY607_POLE_DEC = ( 35. 0 0 ) BODY607_PM = ( 20.02 72.0 0 ) BODY607_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- IAPETUS BODY608_GM from [18]. \begindata BODY608_GM = ( 122.1715454699008 ) BODY608_RADII = ( 718. 718. 718. ) BODY608_POLE_RA = ( 318.16 -3.949 0. ) BODY608_POLE_DEC = ( +75.03 -1.143 0. ) BODY608_PM = ( 350.20 +4.5379572 0. ) BODY608_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- PHOEBE BODY609_GM from [18]. BODY609_PM from [13]. \begindata BODY609_GM = ( 0.5530808811822722 ) BODY609_RADII = ( 115. 110. 105. ) BODY609_POLE_RA = ( 355.00 0. 0. ) BODY609_POLE_DEC = ( +68.70 0. 0. ) BODY609_PM = ( 178.58 +931.639 0. ) BODY609_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- JANUS BODY610_GM is from [7]. \begindata BODY610_GM = ( 0.1284 ) BODY610_RADII = ( 97. 95. 77. ) BODY610_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY610_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY610_PM = ( 58.83 +518.2359876 0. ) BODY610_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY610_NUT_PREC_RA = ( 0. -1.623 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.023 ) BODY610_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( 0. -0.183 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.001 ) BODY610_NUT_PREC_PM = ( 0. +1.613 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.023 ) \begintext -------- EPIMETHEUS BODY611_GM is from [7]. \begindata BODY611_GM = ( .0357 ) BODY611_RADII = ( 69. 55. 55. ) BODY611_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY611_POLE_DEC = ( 83.52 -0.004 0. ) BODY611_PM = ( 293.87 +518.4907239 0. ) BODY611_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) BODY611_NUT_PREC_RA = ( -3.153 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.086 0. ) BODY611_NUT_PREC_DEC = ( -0.356 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.005 0. ) BODY611_NUT_PREC_PM = ( +3.133 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.086 0. ) \begintext -------- HELENE BODY612_GM is from [7]. Mean Radius was used since the 2000 IAU report contained no value for the Subplanetary equatorial radius. \begindata BODY612_GM = ( .0017 ) BODY612_RADII = ( 16 16 16 ) BODY612_POLE_RA = ( 40.85 -0.036 0. ) BODY612_POLE_DEC = ( 83.34 -0.004 0. ) BODY612_PM = ( 245.12 +131.6174056 0. ) BODY612_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- TELESTO BODY613_GM is from [7]. \begindata BODY613_GM = ( .00048 ) BODY613_RADII = ( 15 12.5 7.5 ) BODY613_POLE_RA = ( 50.51 -0.036 0. ) BODY613_POLE_DEC = ( 84.06 -0.004 0. ) BODY613_PM = ( 56.88 +190.6979332 0. ) BODY613_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- CALYPSO BODY614_GM is from [7]. \begindata BODY614_GM = ( 0.00024 ) BODY614_RADII = ( 15 8 8 ) BODY614_POLE_RA = ( 36.41 -0.036 0. ) BODY614_POLE_DEC = ( 85.04 -0.004 0. ) BODY614_PM = ( 153.51 +190.6742373 0. ) BODY614_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- ATLAS BODY615_GM is from [7]. \begindata BODY615_GM = ( 0.00072 ) BODY615_RADII = ( 18.5 17.2 13.5 ) BODY615_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY615_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. ) BODY615_PM = ( 137.88 +598.3060000 0. ) BODY615_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- PROMETHEUS BODY616_GM is from [7]. \begindata BODY616_GM = ( 0.022 ) BODY616_RADII = ( 74 50 34 ) BODY616_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY616_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. ) BODY616_PM = ( 296.14 +587.2890000 0. ) BODY616_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- PANDORA BODY617_GM is from [7]. \begindata BODY617_GM = ( 0.013 ) BODY617_RADII = ( 55 44 31 ) BODY617_POLE_RA = ( 40.58 -0.036 0. ) BODY617_POLE_DEC = ( 83.53 -0.004 0. ) BODY617_PM = ( 162.92 +572.7891000 0. ) BODY617_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- PAN BODY618_GM is from [7]. For Pan, only a mean radius is given in the 2000 IAU report. \begindata BODY618_GM = ( 0.00018 ) BODY618_RADII = ( 10 10 10 ) BODY618_POLE_RA = ( 40.6 -0.036 0. ) BODY618_POLE_DEC = ( 83.5 -0.004 0. ) BODY618_PM = ( 48.8 +626.0440000 0. ) BODY618_LONG_AXIS = ( 0. ) \begintext -------- CONSTANTS AND NOTES FOR PDT USERS The astronomical unit AU, given in kilometers. \begindata AU = ( 149597870.7 ) \begintext Saturn reference radius (Rs) is the base for measuring body distances and ring radial distances in mulitples of saturn radius. \begindata RS = ( 60330.0 ) \begintext Note that GM values >= 1.0 are packaged as is into 7CONIC_VEC commands for AACS to propagate the body's ephemeris. For GM values < 1.0, the value in the G_MASS parameter of the 7CONIC_VEC command is set to 1.0. One is the minimum value for the G_MASS parameter. The resetting of the G_MASS parameter to the minimum acceptable where the actual GM is < 1.0 is acceptable since CAS will not pass close enough to any of the affected bodies for the gravitational mass to have an effect. -------- OBLATE SPHEROIDS VERSUS TRIAXIAL ELLIPSOIDS Some Cassini software cannot model triaxial ellipsoids, where the RADII are all different. Instead, they model bodies as oblate spheroids, where the equatorial RADII values (the first two) must be identical. In cases here where the equatorial radii are not identical, the average of the two should be used when constructing an oblate spheroid. The polar radius (the third RADII) can be used as given in both cases. -------- CONSTANTS AND NOTES FOR CASPER USERS \begindata BODY601_GM/PRIMARY = ( 6.59087D-08 ) BODY602_GM/PRIMARY = ( 1.29181D-07 ) BODY603_GM/PRIMARY = ( 1.1022D-06 ) BODY604_GM/PRIMARY = ( 1.92865D-06 ) BODY605_GM/PRIMARY = ( 4.05998D-06 ) BODY606_GM/PRIMARY = ( 2.36697D-04 ) BODY607_GM/PRIMARY = ( 2.60998D-08 ) BODY608_GM/PRIMARY = ( 2.79453D-06 ) BODY609_GM/PRIMARY = ( 1.26545D-08 ) BODY610_GM/PRIMARY = ( 3.38507D-09 ) BODY611_GM/PRIMARY = ( 9.41176D-10 ) BODY612_GM/PRIMARY = ( 4.48179D-11 ) BODY613_GM/PRIMARY = ( 1.26545D-11 ) BODY614_GM/PRIMARY = ( 6.32723D-12 ) BODY615_GM/PRIMARY = ( 1.89817D-11 ) BODY616_GM/PRIMARY = ( 5.79996D-10 ) BODY617_GM/PRIMARY = ( 3.42725D-10 ) BODY618_GM/PRIMARY = ( 4.74543D-12 ) \begintext -------- URLS AND CONTACTS Description of PCK format and contents can be found in NAIF's PCK "required reading" document, at: ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/ascii/individual_docs/pck.req NAIF tutorial on PCK formatting and use at: ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/Tutorials/office/individual_docs/16_pck.ppt ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/Tutorials/office/packages/ SPICE_Tutorials_Office.zip The Cassini PCK & ephemeris files can be found on the DOM, and at: ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/CASSINI/kernels/ Questions regarding this file can be directed to: Diane Conner (818)354-8586 Diane.Conner@jpl.nasa.gov Adrian Tinio (818)354-7511 Adrian.Tinio@jpl.nasa.gov David Seal (818)354-2707 David.Seal@jpl.nasa.gov -------- VERSION HISTORY The noted versions were officially published; the others were created and circulated for internal review only. 2004 Oct 14 (published) Applicable current Ephemeris: 041014R_SCPSE_01066_04199.BSP (s/c=-82, planets, satellites) Restrictions/Limitations = Use for post-Jupiter through Saturn approach analysis Reference/Source of new values = 041013_00Sa (OD solution) Parameter Superceded Value New Value BODY10_GM 132712440035.0199 132712440017.9870 BODY2_GM 324858.592000000 324858.598826460 BODY3_GM 403503.241738000 403503.233479087 BODY399_GM 398600.4415000001 398600.4328969392 BODY5_GM 126712765.4543717 126712767.8577960 BODY599_GM 126686534.5576417 126686536.9610660 BODY6_GM 37940609.31165113 37940635.43988779 BODY699_GM 37931221.0217 37931253.0189 BODY699_POLE_RA(1) 40.581942 40.578578 BODY699_POLE_DEC(1) 83.537199 83.537554 BODY699_JCOEF(2) 0.016293144248 0.016290947327 BODY699_JCOEF(4) -0.000915205391 -0.000933579463 BODY699_JCOEF(6) 0.000131051024 0.000089360833 BODY7_GM 5794549.007815570 5794549.007071874 BODY301_GM 4902.800238000001 4902.800582147764 BODY601_GM 2.515023162001927 2.515808935525568 BODY602_GM 8.030692551465560 7.454677637210765 BODY603_GM 41.19282544775980 41.20601094342072 BODY604_GM 73.09398364771162 73.11812875886922 BODY605_GM 163.5535785349647 156.7552729624985 BODY606_GM 8978.080286729097 8977.926485053020 BODY607_GM 0.366140636910003 0.720000000000000 BODY608_GM 120.9046439243799 122.1715454699008 BODY609_GM 0.5527907432337331 0.5530808811822722 Documentation was added to clarify the different radii defined for Saturn. Additional references that are publicly available were added for Saturn's rings model. Jupiter's nutation precession angles, and Ganymede's W0 value were corrected to agree with the IAU 2000 report. 2004 Sep 10 (published) Applicable current Ephemeris = 040909R_SCPSE_01066_04199.BSP Restrictions/Limitations = None Reference/Source of new values = 040909R (OD solution) Parameter Superceded Value New Value BODY6_GM 37940690.76901004 37940609.31165113 BODY699_GM 37931300.4040 37931221.0217 BODY699_POLE_RA(1) 40.584666 40.581942 BODY699_POLE_DEC(1) 83.537319 83.537199 BODY699_JCOEF(2) 0.016293483929 0.016293144248 BODY699_JCOEF(4) -0.000921635401 -0.000915205391 BODY699_JCOEF(6) 0.000088726120 0.000131051024 BODY601_GM 2.521560245529253 2.515023162001927 BODY602_GM 7.127481554948487 8.030692551465560 BODY603_GM 41.20541310412448 41.19282544775980 BODY604_GM 73.11977199413563 73.09398364771162 BODY605_GM 154.4787324900041 163.5535785349647 BODY606_GM 8977.981454369899 8978.080286729097 BODY607_GM 0.720000000000000 0.366140636910003 BODY608_GM 132.6589941798197 120.9046439243799 BODY609_GM 0.5515856703994798 0.5527907432337331 2004 Jun 21 (published) Applicable current Ephemeris: 040622BP_SCPSE_04002_09011.BSP (s/c=-82, planets, satellites) 040622AP_SK_04122_08222.BSP (spacecraft ephemeris, scid=-82) 040622AP_PE_04002_09011.BSP (planetary ephemeris) 040622AP_SE_04002_09011.BSP (satellite ephemeris) Reference/Source of new values = 040615_00Sa (OD solution) Parameter Superceded Value New Value BODY699_GM 37931289.4836 37931300.4040 BODY699_POLE_RA(1) 40.586420 40.584666 BODY699_POLE_DEC(1) 83.537291 83.537319 BODY699_JCOEF(2) 0.016292243237 0.016293483929 BODY699_JCOEF(4) -0.000928716077 -0.000921635401 BODY699_JCOEF(6) 0.000088845313 0.000088726120 BODY601_GM 2.539908238874431 2.521560245529253 BODY602_GM 6.980134096218938 7.127481554948487 BODY603_GM 41.21066708236702 41.20541310412448 BODY604_GM 73.12382308588424 73.11977199413563 BODY605_GM 154.6927779454911 154.4787324900041 BODY606_GM 8978.009444641593 8977.981454369899 BODY608_GM 132.2117925658847 132.6589941798197 BODY609_GM 0.4852416379406062 0.5515856703994798 * * Reference for new Phoebe GM: IOM 312.0-024-04 "Navigation Results from the Phoebe flyby", J.B. Jones, 16 June 2004. 2004 May 05 (published) BODY299_GM was set equal to the BODY2_GM. BODY799_GM was calculated based on the new BODY7_GM. Applicable Ephemeris Files: 040506AP_SCPSE_04122_08222.XSP (s/c=-82, planets, satellites) 040506AP_SK_04122_08222.XSP (spacecraft ephemeris, scid=-82) 040506AP_OPK_04122_08222.XSP (s/c & probe, scids=-82,-150) 040506AP_PE_94328_16357.XSP (planetary ephemeris) 040506AP_SE_04002_09011.XSP (satellite ephemeris) Reference/Source of new values is NAV OD Solution: 040409_00Sa Parameter Superceded Value New Value BODY10_GM 132712440017.9870 132712440035.0199 BODY2_GM 324858.5988264598 324858.592000000 BODY3_GM 403503.2334790870 403503.241738000 BODY399_GM 398600.4328969392 398600.4415000001 BODY5_GM 126712767.8577960 126712765.4543717 BODY599_GM 126686536.9637693 126686534.5576417 BODY6_GM 37940629.764 37940679.45741954 BODY699_GM 37931267.73 37931289.4836 BODY699_POLE_RA(1) 40.589 40.586420 BODY699_POLE_RA(2) -0.036 -0.042290 BODY699_POLE_DEC(1) 83.537 83.537291 BODY699_POLE_DEC(2) -0.004 -0.004440 BODY699_JCOEF(2) 0.016298 0.016292243237 BODY699_JCOEF(4) -0.000915 -0.000928716077 BODY699_JCOEF(6) 0.000103 0.000088845313 BODY699_CCOEF(3) 0.00000070 0.0000000000000 BODY699_SCOEF(3) -0.00000020 0.00000000 BODY7_GM 5794549.007071874 5794549.007815570 BODY301_GM 4902.800582147764 4902.800238000001 BODY601_GM 2.5 2.539908238874431 BODY602_GM 4.9 6.980134096218938 BODY603_GM 41.808 41.21066708236702 BODY604_GM 73.156 73.12382308588424 BODY605_GM 154.000 154.6927779454911 BODY606_GM 8978.2 8978.009444641593 BODY607_GM 0.99 0.720000000000000 BODY608_GM 106.0 132.2117925658847 BODY609_GM 0.48 0.4852416379406062 2004 Mar 05 (published) Updated descriptive text preceeding RS keyword. Updated contact information and verified URLs. Updates per ECR 103313: Change 1: Update the values for Pheobe Prime Meridian TO: BODY609_PM = ( 178.58 +931.639 0. ) Reference: Bauer, Simonelli, Buratti, IAU Circular 8279, 1/30/2004; re-reduced by Owen 2/5/2004 Change 2: Saturn Reference Radius ADD: BODY699_RADII_RS = ( 60330. 60330. 60330. ) This radius models saturn as a sphere at 100 mbar. Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2003 16:22:41 -0700 From: Carolyn Porco 2002 Oct 01 (published) Changed BODY699_RADII_OPTICAL to be consistent with recommendation of Phil Nicholson dated 24 Sep. Added notes in the version history as to which versions were published to the DOM, as opposed to the versions that were intermediate for review. 2002 Aug 28 Expanded some version histories. Added radii for alternate models of Saturn. Added notes on oblate spheroids vs. triaxial ellipsoids. Fixed the reference for BODY10_GM. Provided more description of URL links. 2002 Aug 12 Added notes on gravitational harmonics. Added link to NAIF required reading document. Removed unused references. 2002 Jun 21 Made cosmetic changes to organization. Added begindata flag to Venus area so that Venus data would not be lost. Copied Venus GM to Venus system GM (since Venus has no satellites). Removed entries for small Jovian satellites except for Himalia (no small satellites were observed by Cassini except Himalia). Added dummy orientation values for Himalia (since IAU_HIMALIA is a possible coordinate frame). Removed last two NUT_PREC entries for Jupiter (big 4 satellites + Himalia only require 8 angles, not 10). Fixed the BODY3_NUT_PREC angles to the full set that is required for Earth and Moon orientation. Corrected errors in the orientation for Callisto and Jupiter. Removed BODY7_NUT_PREC angles since no Uranian satellites are present. Adjusted Jovian satellite radii to match IAU 2000 report. Added LONG_AXIS statement for Hyperion. By: David Seal 2002 Jun 20 Added BODY299_GM and BODY299_RADII. By: John Aiello 2002 Jun 17 Changes to reflect values listed in IAU/IAG/COSPAR 2000 report: BODY399_PM, BODY502_PM, BODY504_PM, BODY505_RADII, BODY514_RADII, BODY515_RADII, BODY516_RADII, BODY607_RADII. By: John Aiello 2002 Jun 10 Updated BODY5_GM, BODY599_GM, and BODY301_GM per NAV OD solution SM828D. By: John Aiello 2002 Jun 06 Reference added for Saturn gravitational field. By: John Aiello 2002 May 02 Corrected values for: BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES, BODY599_PM (rotation rate was missing last four digits), BODY610_PM (rotation rate was missing last digit). These values were changed to be consistent with the IAU 2000 report. By: John Aiello 2 May 2002 2001 Dec 14 (published) Corrected typo in BODY699_RING1 By: John Aiello 14 Dec 2001 2001 Nov 20 (published) Saturn ring model (updated version per series of telecons between PDT software architects and Mark Showalter, Jeff Cuzzi, Carolyn Porco, Linda Spilker, John Aiello) By: John Aiello 20 Nov 2001 2001 Oct 26 (published) First release. Contents as follows. GM values for Sun, Earth, Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion, Iapetus, Phoebe Saturn ring model Saturn magnetosphere model Titan atmosphere model Dummy values for Himalia froim Kevin Yau (Cassini PDT) 2000 May 11 Based on pck0007.tpc by Nat Bachman (NAIF) 2000 April 24 By: Dave Seal, John Aiello (Cassini Mission Planning) -------- FORMATTING FOR SPECIAL PARAMETERS BODYNNN_GM GM in km^3/s^2 BODYNNN_RADII_OPTICAL BOYDNNN_RADII_RS BOYDNNN_RADII BODYNNN_RADII_1BAR BODY699_RADII_OPTICAL is for PDT to determine at what altitude that Saturn first starts to cast a discernible shadow. BODY699_RADII_RS models Saturn as a sphere and corresponds to a 100 mbar surface. BODY699_RADII and BODY699_RADII_1BAR correspond to a 1 bar surface. BODY699_RADII contains IAU values. BODY699_RADII_1BAR currently contains IAU values but will likely be updated during the mission. BODYNNN_ATMOSPHERE Exponential atmospheric model in the form of one set of two values To, f, followed by any number of sets of three numbers Do, K, Zo. The atmospheric density in g/cm3 can be calculated as follows: Z = height above surface (km) R = radius of body (km) T = thermospheric temperature (K) = To + f * sigma, where sigma is the number of standard deviations (conservatism) desired. If f > 0, positive sigma will result in a hotter thermosphere and higher density. H = scale height of atmosphere (km) = T * ( R + Z ) / K (K is a curve-fit parameter with units of degrees K) D = density (g/cm3) = Do * exp( - ( Z - Zo ) / H ) If there are more than one set of Do, K, Zo, sum each value to get the total atmospheric density. BODYNNN_RING* The ring identification scheme is numeric with keyword-associated names. The defnition of a ring is in a set of keywords. The BODYNNN_RING... keyword set includes 1) a required NAME keyword (BODYNNN_RING_NAME), 2) either a complete ring keyword (BODYNNN_RING) or a set of segmented ring keywords (BODYNNN_RING_), and 3) optional embedded ringlet/gap keywords (BODYNNN_RING_) with required names (BODYNNN_RING__NAME). The total number of rings (BODYNNN_RING) that can be defined is from 01 to 99. A complete ring can be segmented (BODYNNN_RING_) in upto 26 (A-Z) sub-segments. Embedded ringlets/gaps (BODYNNN_RING_) can be defined from 1 to 99. Ring geometry is defined in the form of one set of R1, R2, Z1, Z2, OD where R1 and R2 are inner and outer radii respectively of the ring (in kilometers), Z1 and Z2 are the vertical heights of the ring at R1 and R2 respectively (also in km, equal to one-half of the total thickness of the ring), and OD is the average optical depth of the ring sub-segment/gap across R1 to R2. A complex ring thickness model is pieced together by sub-segmenting Rs, Zs, & ODs; each sub-segment is uniquely numbered. BODYNNN_*COEF Where * = J, C, or S. These coefficients are the normalized gravity field coefficients. J's are 1 to N, C's and S's have two indexes. Index 1 goes from 1 to N, and Index 2 goes from 1 to (Index 1). E.g. C11, C21, C22, C31, C32, C33, C41, etc. BODY699_RING7_FCENTER Elliptical orbital characteristics for the F Ring: The array items (and units) are (in order): SEMIMAJOR_AXIS (km) ECCENTRICITY (degrees) LONGITUDE_PERICENTER_EPOCH (degrees) PERICENTER_PRECESSION_RATE (degrees) INCLINATION (degrees) LONGITUDE_ASCENDING_NODE_EPOCH (degrees) NODAL_REGRESSION_RATE (degrees). The epoch for the elements is J2000 (noon UTC on 1/1/2000) at the ring (i.e., with no light-time correction). Longitudes are measured in the prograde direction from the ascending node of Saturn's equatorial plane on Earth's J2000 equator. -------- REFERENCES 1. Seidelmann, P.K., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Davies, M.E., Bergh, C. de, Lieske, J.H., Oberst, J., Simon, J.L., Standish, E.M., Stooke, P., and Thomas, P.C. (2002). "Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000," Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v.82, Issue 1, pp. 83-111. 2. Nautical Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory and H.M. Nautical Almanac Office, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (2005). "The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 2002," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.: and The Stationary Office, London. 3. Russell, Christopher T., "Geophysical Coordinate Transformations," Cosmic Electrodynamics 2 (1971) 184-186. 4. Showalter, Mark R. "Properties of Saturn's E and G Rings from the 1995 Ring Plane Crossings", presented at Ames ring hazard workshop, 25 January 1996. 5. Jacobson, R. A. 2003b. private communication of constants used in the JUP230 ephemeris 6. Jacobson, R.A., JPL IOM 312.F-99-084, 13 Oct 1999, "Sat105" ephemeris file 7. Jacobson, R. A., 1996, "Orbits of the Saturnian Satellites from Earthbased and Voyager Observations", Blulletin of the American Astronmical Society 28(3), 1185. 8. Bosh A.S., Olkin C.B., French R.G., Nicholson P.D. Icarus, May 2002, vol. 157, iss. 1, pp. 57-75(19) 9. Campbell, J.K., and J.D. Anderson, Gravity Field of the Saturnian System From Pioneer and Voyager Tracking Data, Astronomical Journal, 97, 1485-1495, 1989. 10. Cassini NAV OD solution SM828D. 11. Cassini Mission Plan, JPL D-5564, Cassini document 699-100, revision N, May 2002. 12. Cassini Dust Protection Plan, JPL D-24251, Cassini document 699-525, revision A, October 2002. 13. Bauer, Simonelli, Buratti, IAU Circular 8279, 1/30/2004; re-reduced by Owen 2/5/2004 14. Cassini NAV OD solution 040409_00Sa. 15. Cassini NAV OD solution 040615_00Sa. 16. IOM 312.0-024-04 "Navigation Results from the Phoebe flyby", J.B. Jones, 16 June 2004. 17. Cassini NAV OD solution 040909R. Reconstruction from Jupiter to SOI. 18. Cassini NAV OD solution 041013_00Sa. 19. Cuzzi, J. N., J. J. Lissauer, L. W. Esposito, J. B. Holberg, E. A. Marouf, G. L. Tyler, and A. Bouschot 1984. "Saturn's rings: Properties and processes." In Planetary Rings, (R. Greenberg and A. Brahic, Eds.), University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 73-199. 20. HST High-Resolution Backscatter Image of Saturn's G Ring Jack J. Lissauer, Richard G. French Icarus, Vol. 146, No. 1, Jul 2000, pp. 12-18. 21. NASA/JPL Web page: "Natural Satellite Physical Parameters", 2004 September 22 Unless noted otherwise, values are from the IAU report. [1]