KPL/IK MPPE Instrument Kernel =========================================================================== This instrument kernel (I-kernel) contains references to mounting alignment, operating modes, and timing as well as internal and FOV geometry for the BepiColombo MMO Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment (MPPE). Version and Date ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Version 0.1 -- July 7, 2020 -- Marc Costa Sitja, ESAC/ESA Alfredo Escalante Lopez, ESAC/ESA Corrections for the 1st Venus Swingy. Version 0.0 -- February 28, 2017 -- Marc Costa Sitja, ESAC/ESA First draft. Generated for the SGS study of the 1st Venus Swingy. References ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. ``Kernel Pool Required Reading'' 2. ``Frames Required Reading'' 3. ``C-Kernel Required Reading" 4. BepiColombo MMO Spacecraft Frames Definition Kernel 5. ``Scientific objectives and instrumentation of Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment(MPPE) onboard MMO'', Y. Saito, J.A. Sauvaud, et al., Planetary and Space Science, 2010, Volume 58, Issue 1-2, Page 182-200 Contact Information ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you have any questions regarding this file contact the ESA SPICE Service at ESAC: Marc Costa Sitja (+34) 91-8131-457 marc.costa@esa.int, esa_spice@sciops.esa.int or NAIF at JPL: Boris Semenov (818) 354-8136 Boris.Semenov@jpl.nasa.gov Implementation Notes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- This file is used by the SPICE system as follows: programs that make use of this frame kernel must "load" the kernel normally during program initialization. Loading the kernel associates the data items with their names in a data structure called the "kernel pool". The SPICELIB routine FURNSH loads a kernel into the pool as shown below: FORTRAN: (SPICELIB) CALL FURNSH ( frame_kernel_name ) C: (CSPICE) furnsh_c ( frame_kernel_name ); IDL: (ICY) cspice_furnsh, frame_kernel_name MATLAB: (MICE) cspice_furnsh ( 'frame_kernel_name' ) PYTHON: (SPICEYPY)* furnsh( frame_kernel_name ) In order for a program or routine to extract data from the pool, the SPICELIB routines GDPOOL, GIPOOL, and GCPOOL are used. See [2] for more details. This file was created and may be updated with a text editor or word processor. * SPICEPY is a non-official, community developed Python wrapper for the NAIF SPICE toolkit. Its development is managed on Github. It is available at: https://github.com/AndrewAnnex/SpiceyPy Naming Conventions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Data items are specified using ''keyword=value'' assignments [1]. All keywords referencing values in this I-kernel start with the characters `INS' followed by the NAIF MMO instrument ID code, constructed using the spacecraft ID number (-68) followed by the NAIF three digit ID number for one of the MPPE data item. These IDs are as follows Instrument name ID -------------------- ------ MMO_MPPE_MEA1 -68310 MMO_MPPE_MEA2 -68320 MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE -68330 MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE_UPPER -68331 MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE_LOWER -68332 MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE_CRUISE -68333 MMO_MPPE_MSA -68340 MMO_MPPE_MIA -68350 MMO_MPPE_ENA -68370 MMO_MPPE_ENA_CRUISE -68371 MMO_MPPE_HEP-LEP -68380 The remainder of the name is an underscore character followed by the unique name of the data item. For example, the ENA boresight direction in the MMO_MPPE_ENA frame (see [2]) is specified by: INS-68370_BORESIGHT The upper bound on the length of the name of any data item identifier is 32 characters. If the same item is included in more than one file, or if the same item appears more than once within a single file, the latest value supersedes any earlier values. Overview ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- From [5]: Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment (MPPE) is a comprehensive instrument package for plasma, high-energy particle and energetic neutral atom measurements. It consists of seven sensors. The first six sensors perform in-situ observations and cover the charged particle species and the energy range of interest from the space plasma physics point of view. For the electrons: two Mercury Electron Analyzers (MEA1 and MEA2) mounted 90 degrees apart for high resolution coverage, and High Energy Particle instrument for electron (HEP-ele). For the ions: Mercury Ion Analyzer (MIA), Mercury mass Spectrum Analyzer ( MSA), and High Energy Particle instrument for ion (HEP-ion). The final sensor, Energetic Neutrals Analyzer (ENA) will detect energetic neutrals created via charge-exchange and will provide us with remote information on how plasma and neutral gas interacts in the Hermean environment. Science Goals: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Structure, dynamics and physical processes in Mercury's magnetosphere - Formation and characteristics of the small-scale magnetosphere - Solar wind contribution to the magnetospheric plasmas - Stability of the plasma sheet - Substorms at Mercury - Particle acceleration, trapping, and loss - Interaction between surface, exosphere and magnetosphere - Collision-less shock physics in the inner heliosphere The interaction between the solar wind and Mercury's magnetosphere is unique for many reasons. For example, due to the closeness of the sun and the weak intrinsic magnetic field of Mercury, its magnetosphere is severely compressed; the estimated distance between the subsolar magnetopause and the surface is less than half the planetary radius. This could mean that sometimes the solar wind can directly interact with the planetary surface. Even if this doesn't happen, the plasma at the cusp can always interact with the surface, since there is no strong mirror reflection due to the smallness of the mirror ratio. How this kind of direct interaction with the surface affects the rest of the magnetospheric processes is an intriguing question that can never be tested in other planetary magnetospheres. MPPE on BepiColombo/MMO will measure plasma, high-energy particles, and energetic neutral atoms around Mercury. MPPE will also make simultaneous measurements of high-energy electrons and ions, which is quite important in understanding the charged particle acceleration mechanism in a small scale magnetosphere. Measurement Principle: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MPPE consists of seven sensors. The seven sensors are two electron energy spectrum analyzers (MEA1 and MEA2), an ion energy MSA, an ion energy spectrum analyzer (MIA), a highenergy particle instrument for electrons (HEP-ele), a highenergy particle instrument for ions ( HEP-ion), and an ENA. Four low-energy sensors MEA1, MEA2, MIA, and MSA are installed on the diagonal four corners of the octagonal MMO spacecraft in order to minimize the interference of the spacecraft body in measuring low energy charged particles. High time resolution measurement is realized by installing two electron sensors (MEA1 and MEA2) and two ion sensors (MIA and MSA) 90ยบ apart from each other. High-energy ion sensor (HEP-ion) has conical field of view while high-energy electron sensor (HEPele) and ENA has radial field of view. Since the thermal conditions around Mercury is so severe, all the MPPE sensors have their own thermal shield in order to minimize the thermal input from their entrance apertures. MPPE sensors are controlled by a common data processor MDP1 (Mission Data Processor 1). The data obtained by MPPE sensors are transmitted to MDP1. MDP1 is responsible for processing and formatting the telemetry data, calculating velocity moments, and reducing the quantity of the data by adding, selecting, or compressing the data. Mounting Alignment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer to the latest version of the BepiColombo Frames Definition Kernel (FK) [4] for the MMPE reference frame definitions and mounting alignment information. MPPE Apparent Field-of-View Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- HEP-ele (MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE) FOV: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Yele ^ +----|---+ --- | | | ^ | | | | | | | | +Xele <---------x | | 130 deg | | | | | | | | | | | V +--------+ --- |<------>| 20 deg The following diagram illustrates the above field of view in the instrument frame. Note the field of view is composed of two smaller fovs of 57 degrees each separated by a Sun shield of 16 degrees centered at +Zele. X Y ele ele ^ / ^ / | / | / | / | / .ele upper | / | / .' o Y | / o X | / .' 57 __. ele |/ 20 ele |/.'_..--'' x--------> o--------> Z |\ Z |\'.-.. ins | \ ins | \ '. ''--.. | \ | \ '. ele lower | \ | \ '. o | \ | \ 57 | \ | \ Plane X = 0 Plane Y = 0 During cruise phase, part of the field of view is obstructed by MOSIF in the YZ plane of the instrument, the following diagram represents the resulting field of view. X Y ele ele ^ / ^ / o | / | / 14 | / | / .x MOSIF top | / | / .'/ Y | / o X | / .'// ele |/ 20 ele |/.'/// x--------> o--------> - - |\ Z |------------ Z ins | \ ins |--- MPO ---- | \ |------------ | \ |------------ | \ |------------ | \ |------------ Plane X = 0 Plane Y = 0 ENA (MMO_MPPE_ENA) FOV: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Yena ^ +--|--+ --- | | | ^ | | | | | | | | +Xena <---------x | | 145 deg | | | | | | | | | | | V +-----+ --- |<--->| 9 deg The following diagram illustrates the above field of view in the instrument frame. X Y ena ena ^ / ^ / | / | / | / | / | / | / Y | / o X | / o ena |/ 9 ena |/ 145 x--------> o--------> Z |\ Z |\ ins | \ ins | \ | \ | \ | \ | \ | \ | \ | \ | \ Plane X = 0 Plane Y = 0 During cruise phase, part of the field of view is obstructed by MOSIF in the YZ plane of the instrument, the following diagram represents the resulting field of view. X Y ena ena ^ / ^ / o | / | / 19.9 | / | / .x MOSIF top | / | / .'/ Y | / o X | / .'// ena |/ 9 ena |/.'/// x--------> o--------> - - |\ Z |------------ Z ins | \ ins |--- MPO ---- | \ |------------ | \ |------------ | \ |------------ | \ |------------ Plane X = 0 Plane Y = 0 MPPE-LEP (MMO_MPPE-LEP) FOV: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MPPE-LEP points along the +Zsc frame (towards antenna) with a circular field of represented in the following diagram. +Ylep ^ _,-|--._ --- .' | `. ^ / | \ | +Xlep <-------x +Zlep | | 10 deg \ / | `. .' V `------' --- FOV Definitions --------------------------------------------------------------------------- HEP-ele (MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE) FOV: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Please note that the FOV reference and cross angles are defined with half angle values. The following FOV definition corresponds to the NAIF Body Names: MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE, MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE_UPPER, MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE_LOWER and MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE_CRUISE. \begindata INS-68330_FOV_FRAME = 'MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE' INS-68330_FOV_SHAPE = 'RECTANGLE' INS-68330_BORESIGHT = ( 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 ) INS-68330_FOV_CLASS_SPEC = 'ANGLES' INS-68330_FOV_REF_VECTOR = ( 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 ) INS-68330_FOV_REF_ANGLE = ( 65.0000000 ) INS-68330_FOV_CROSS_ANGLE = ( 10.0000000 ) INS-68330_FOV_ANGLE_UNITS = 'DEGREES' INS-68331_FOV_FRAME = 'MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE' INS-68331_FOV_SHAPE = 'RECTANGLE' INS-68331_BORESIGHT = ( 0.000000 0.5948227867513413 0.848048096156426 ) INS-68331_FOV_CLASS_SPEC = 'ANGLES' INS-68331_FOV_REF_VECTOR = ( 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 ) INS-68331_FOV_REF_ANGLE = ( 28.5000000 ) INS-68331_FOV_CROSS_ANGLE = ( 10.0000000 ) INS-68331_FOV_ANGLE_UNITS = 'DEGREES' INS-68332_FOV_FRAME = 'MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE' INS-68332_FOV_SHAPE = 'RECTANGLE' INS-68332_BORESIGHT = ( 0.000000 -0.5948227867513413 0.848048096156426 ) INS-68332_FOV_CLASS_SPEC = 'ANGLES' INS-68332_FOV_REF_VECTOR = ( 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 ) INS-68332_FOV_REF_ANGLE = ( 28.5000000 ) INS-68332_FOV_CROSS_ANGLE = ( 10.0000000 ) INS-68332_FOV_ANGLE_UNITS = 'DEGREES' INS-68333_FOV_FRAME = 'MMO_MPPE_HEP-ELE' INS-68333_FOV_SHAPE = 'RECTANGLE' INS-68333_BORESIGHT = ( 0.000000 0.848048096156426 0.5299192642332049 ) INS-68333_FOV_CLASS_SPEC = 'ANGLES' INS-68333_FOV_REF_VECTOR = ( 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 ) INS-68333_FOV_REF_ANGLE = ( 7.0000000 ) INS-68333_FOV_CROSS_ANGLE = ( 10.0000000 ) INS-68333_FOV_ANGLE_UNITS = 'DEGREES' \begintext ENA (MMO_MPPE_ENA) FOV: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Please note that the FOV reference and cross angles are defined with half angle values. The following FOV definition corresponds to the NAIF Body Names: MMO_MPPE_ENA, MMO_MPPE_ENA_CRUISE. \begindata INS-68370_FOV_FRAME = 'MMO_MPPE_ENA' INS-68370_FOV_SHAPE = 'RECTANGLE' INS-68370_BORESIGHT = ( -0.173600 0.000000 0.984800 ) INS-68370_FOV_CLASS_SPEC = 'ANGLES' INS-68370_FOV_REF_VECTOR = ( 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 ) INS-68370_FOV_REF_ANGLE = ( 72.5000000 ) INS-68370_FOV_CROSS_ANGLE = ( 10.0000000 ) INS-68370_FOV_ANGLE_UNITS = 'DEGREES' INS-68371_FOV_FRAME = 'MMO_MPPE_ENA' INS-68371_FOV_SHAPE = 'POLYGON' INS-68371_BORESIGHT = ( 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 ) INS-68371_FOV_BOUNDARY_CORNERS = (-0.364, 3.1716, 1.0 0.0, 3.1716, 1.0 0.0, 1.3080, 1.0 -0.364, 1.3080, 1.0) \begintext MPPE-LEP (MMO_MPPE-LEP) FOV: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \begindata INS-68380_FOV_FRAME = 'MMO_MPPE-LEP' INS-68380_FOV_SHAPE = 'CIRCLE' INS-68380_BORESIGHT = ( 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 ) INS-68380_FOV_CLASS_SPEC = 'ANGLES' INS-68380_FOV_REF_VECTOR = ( 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ) INS-68380_FOV_REF_ANGLE = ( 5.0000000 ) INS-68380_FOV_ANGLE_UNITS = 'DEGREES' \begintext Optical Parameters ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [TBW] Detector Parameters ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [TBW] Platform ID ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- This number is the NAIF instrument ID of the platform on which the channels are mounted. For all channels this platform is the spacecraft. \begindata INS-68310_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68320_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68330_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68331_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68332_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68333_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68340_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68350_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68370_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68371_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) INS-68380_PLATFORM_ID = ( -68000 ) \begintext End of IK file.